
Class S i ^ . 

Book. xli_ 

GopyrightN? 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSnV 



Restraint 



Domestic Animals 



A BOOK FOR THE USE OF 



Students and Practitioners 



312 Illustrations from Pen Drawings and 
2b Half Tones from Original Photographs 



George R. White, M. D., D. V. S. 

t \ 
Graduate Columbian University {Veterinary Department) , and University of Nashville {Medical Department) 

Member 

American Veterinary Medical Association ^ 

Tennessee State Veterinary Medical Association 

American Medical Association 

Tennessee State Medical Association 

Nashville Academy of Medicine » 

and Davidson County Medical Society 




Published by the Author 



NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 

19 09 






LIBRARY of CONGRESS 


Two CoDies 


Received 


MAR 15 


1U09 


. Copyiifcnt 
1 CLASS O^ 

"i-3 \ 4 

COPY 


tntry _ 
\Xc, Mo, 
8. 



COPYRIGHTED 1909 

BY 

George R. White 



PRESS OF 

BAYLESS-PULLEN CO. 

NASHVILLE 



Dedication 



To W. H. Dalrymple, M. R. C. V. S. 

As a slight token of personal friendship, as well as for his untiring and continued 

efforts to advance the status of the Veterinary Profession in the South 

— especially for his pioneer work in the State of Louisiana, 

is this volume respectfully dedicated by 

The Author 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PART I. 

Restraint of the Horse in the Standing Posture. 

Chapter I. Twitches, Gags and Barnacles. 

Chapter II. Restraint or "War Bridles" and Halters. 

Chapter III. Restraint Harness and Other Leather and 

Rope Appliances. 
Chapter IV. Stocks. 
Chapter V. Slings. 

PART II. 

Restraint of the Horse in the Recumbent Posture. 

Chapter I. Hobbles. 

Chapter II. Casting and Securing Harness and Ropes. 

Chapter III. Operating Tables. 

PART III. 

Restraint of the Ox. 

Chapter I. Restraint of the Ox in the Standing Posture. 
Chapter II. Restraint of the Ox in the Recumbent Posture. 

PART IV. 

Restraint of the Dog. 

Chapter I. Operating Tables. 

Chapter II. Muzzles, Tape and Other Methods. 

PART V. 

Restraint of the Hog. 



INTRODUCTION 



Restraint of Domestic Animals, in the broadest acceptation 
of the term, means much to the average busy and active practi- 
tioner of Veterinary Surgery. 

Each species of our domestic animals is endowed with one 
or more means of defense. These are oftentimes — in individ- 
uals of certain temperament — converted into weapons of offense. 
The horse will strike, kick and bite; the ox will gore and kick; 
the dog and hog will bite. It is with these weapons of offense 
that we are called upon to contend and overcome by restraint. 
These animals must be rendered harmless by the means of re- 
straint which we have at hand. Of course the particular method 
employed depends largely upon the animal and the degree of 
restraint necessary. 

While we constantly find it necessary to employ methods of 
restraint in order to confine the animal, we should always do 
so in as humane a manner as possible. Humanitarian treatment 
applies here as well as elsewhere in the practice of Veterinary 
science. We should never take advantage of an animal when 
confined in order to cause torture or to inflict unnecessary pain 
of any kind. 

The surgeon is confronted with problems pertaining to re- 
straint or some method of subjection almost every hour of each 
day of his professional career. 

Not only does the restraint problem confront and concern the 
surgeon alone, but his client and patient are also directly inter- 
ested to a well marked degree. The surgeon owes it to his 
client, his patient and himself to become proficient in properly 
and securely restraining animals for examination and operation. 
Without efiicient means of restraint the surgeon is in constant 
danger of great bodily harm; the animal in danger of self- 
inflicted injuries as a result of its own efforts at resistance, 
thereby causing the owner financial loss which could and should 
have been avoided by proper methods of procedure. 



8 INTRODUCTION. 

In order to cast and secure an animal properly and success- 
fully the operator should possess a level head associated with 
plenty of courage and confidence. He should retain his equili- 
brium in spite of any untoward accident or emergency w^iich 
may chance to take place. Self-confidence and good judgment 
are both valuable assets in performing work of the character 
which this book undertakes to illustrate and describe. The 
surgeon should get control and remain in control from the time 
the twitch is placed on the animal preparatory to applying the 
hobbles or casting harness until the animal is again on its feet. 
Experience and dexterity are not to be underrated in the oper- 
ator who is to undertake the task of securing and properly con- 
fining the larger of our domestic animals. Do not allow your- 
self to become excited or unduly alarmed or aggravated should 
everything not transpire as smoothly as you expect or desire, 
for in so doing the surgeon is not in possession of his mental 
faculties sufficiently to do justice either to himself, his patient 
or his client. 

Perfect, or even good, surgery is impossible without per- 
fect restraint. The surgeon is no better than the restraint 
method which he uses. It is rare to see a surgeon handle a knife 
any more skillfully than he handles his restraint technique. 
Imperfect restraint means an imperfect operation. 

This book contains 338 illustrations; of this number 312 
are zinc etchings made from pen drawings, and 26 are half- 
tones from original photographs. In compiling and placing it 
before the profession of this country I have endeavored in so 
far as possible to avoid technicalities in order to make it valua- 
ble to the student and amateur horseman. 

I do not care to be held responsible for the imperfections 
of many of the modes of restraint and subjection illustrated and 
described. I have endeavored to the best of my ability to illus- 
trate and describe the good methods as well as those which are 
bad or even indifferent. Each operator should select his favor- 
ite method — the one or ones which most appeal to his fancy — 
and by practice become proficient in the skillful use of same. 

My thanks are due and are hereby acknowledged to Professors 
A. Liautard, John A. W. Dollar, W. L. Williams, and L. A. 



INTRODUCTION. 9 

Merillat for their courteous assistance and advice ; Mr. J. T. 
Jollej for his painstaking care in making the drawings, and 
all others who have in any way assisted me in my efforts to fur- 
nish the profession with a book on Restraint of Domestic Ani- 
mals, which appeals to me as in a manner filling a long felt 
want in American veterinary literature. 

Geoege R. White. 



PARTI. 

Restraint of the Horse in the 
Standing Posture. 



CHAPTEK I. 

TWITCHES, GAGS AND BARNACLES. 



The Twitch. 

If every practicing veterinarian in the civilized world was 
asked to name the first and most important factor in confining 
a horse in the standing posture, their unanimous answer would 
be "a well made and properly applied twitch/' The twitch 
as a means of subjection or restraint, is as ancient as the 
domesticated horse himself. Since its introduction it has been 
used with excellent and satisfactory results; although brutal 
in principle, it is the veterinary surgeon's most valuable asset 
against injury. 

It is almost universally applied to the upper lip ; however, 
in rare instances it is placed on the lower lip and ear. It is 
applied by grasping lip through loop of the twitch, and is tight- 
ened by rotating the handle. It acts by squeezing the lip until 
sufficient pain is produced to detract the animal's attention from 
the seat of operation. To use more force in this squeezing 
process than is necessary is inhuman, besides rough handling 
of the twitch or bearing on it too long will often cause labial 
paralysis. 

The twitch diverts the animal's attention by compressing 
the sensory nerves of the lip. The ordinary rope and stich 
twitch, Figure 1, is one of the simplest and most inexpensive 




Fig. 1. Ordinary Rope and Stick Twitch. 

forms. It is made by simply boring a round hole (c) in a 
stick (a), preferably hard wood, about one inch from the end. 



H 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 



When the hole is made, insert a piece of rope or sash cord (b) ; 
this may vary in diameter from % to ^ inch, and in length 
from 10 to 20 inches. Tie ends of rope or cord together and 
the twitch is completed. 

Another rope and stick twitch, Figure 2, can be easily made 

by boring an oblong hole (e) 
in a piece of hard wood (a) 
similar to that used in Fig. 
1. Use same diameter and 
Fig. 2. Ordinary Rope and Stick length sash cord or rope (b) 
"'"^'*^^- as is used in Figure 1. In- 

stead of tying ends of rope together they are inserted through 
hole (e) on each side and are retained in place by a simple- 
knot on each end (d) (c). 

Ring Tivitcli. 
The ring twitch, Figure 3, consists of a metal ring (b) and 






Fig. 3. Ring Twitch. 



Fig. 4. Triangle Twitch. 



TWITCHES, GAGS AND BARNACLES. 



15 



piece of rope (a). This ring may vary in diameter from 4 to 
6 inches. Into the ring is tied the piece of rope or sash Curd 
(a). This cord may vary in diameter from !/§ to ^2 inch, and 
in length from 8 to 18 inches. This makes a neat and light 
twitch, and one which can be folded up and carried conveniently 
in an ordinary instrument grip or satchel. 

Triangular Twitch. 

The triangular t^vitch, Figure 4, is made similar to the ring 
twitch. Figure 3, except instead of a metal ring the piece of 
metal in shape of a triangle (b) is used into which the rope or 
cord (a) is tied. 

Miles' Twitch. 



The Miles twitch. Figure 5, was designed and first used 
by "Farmer" Miles. It is made from a piece 
of hickory or other tough and hard wood 18 
inches long, % i^ch thick, and 2 inches wide 
(a). A metal rivet (h) is inserted near the 
end. An oblong hole is bored to carry rope 
(e). Another hole (d) is bored about 3' inches 
from the small end of stick to carry strap or 
rope (b) (c). The rope (e) can vary in 
diameter from % to % inches, in length from 
12 to 20 inches. Insert ends of rope through 
hole and retain in place by tying knots (f) 

Cg)- 

The Miles twitch, Figure 6, is applied and 
used in the ordinary way, with the exception 
that the twitch stick (e) is fastened up to side 
of halter (a) by straps or ropes (c) (b). Fig- 
ure 6. This dispenses with holding the twitch 
by hand. This is a convenient as well as an 
Twitch. effectual method of using the twitch. 




i6 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The rope and stick twitch 




Fig. 6. Miles' Twitch Applied. 



with metal bound head, 
Figure 1, is more sub- 
stantial than either of 
those described and illus- 
trated above. The stick 
(a) should be heavy and 
strong, size and shape to 
suit the operator. Spaces 
should be hollowed out of 
head under the metal band 
to accommodate rope or 
sash cord (f) (e). A 
metal band (g) (d) is 
shrunk around head of 



twitch stick. K round hole is bored four inches from head 
(c) (b). The rope (f) (e) may vary in diameter from % to 




Fig. 7. Rope and Stick Twitch Metal Bound Head. 

^2 inch, and in length from 18 to 22 inches, and are fastened 
together at side of head of twitch (c). 



Ball and Chain Twitch. 



Figure 8 consists of a 
piece of % to 14 inch twisted 
link chain 10 to 12 inches 
long attached to piece of iron 
at one end, and upon the 
other end is a ball, as shown 
in the illustration. This 
makes a good twitch, and one 
easy to apply. But on ac- 
count of its rigidity it must 
be used with care and dis- 
cretion. 







Fig. 8. Ball and Chain Twitch. 



TWITCHES, GAGS AND BARNACLES. 



17 




Fig. 9. Iron and Chain Twitch. 



Another form of iron and chain twitch, Eigure 9, is strong 
and durable. It is preferred by some operators, while by 
others it is condemned. The 
hand piece is simply a flat 
piece of iron hammered into 
proper shape. After shaping 
the metal two holes are 
drilled through it to accom- 
modate the twisted link 

chain. The chain may be the same diameter and length as 
the one used in Figure 8. This same pattern of twitch may be 
made of wood for handle instead of metal, and horse-hair rope, 
sash cord, or common rope instead of chain. 

The rope loop 
and short stick 
twitch. Figure 10, 
consists of a piece of 
rope or sash cord 
varying in diameter 
from l^ to % inch, 
and in length from 
12 to 20 inches. The 
bends are tied togeth- 
er. A round stick 
(a) from 8 to 20 
inches long is used 
to complete this 
twitch. 




Fig. 10. Rope Loop and Short Stick Twitch. 



The Gag. 



The "gag" has been used since time immemorial as a means 
of subjection and restraint. Although seldom used now by the 



BESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 11. Loop and Rope Gag. 



American veterinarian, its use is continued by many practi- 
tioners of central Europe. Unless used with extreme caution 
lacerations of the lips and con- 
tusions of the "poll" are liable 
to occur. The gag should al- 
ways be used and removed as 
quickly as possible. 

The loop and rope gag, 
Figure 11, consists of a rope or 
sash cord which may vary in 
diameter from ^ to % inch, 
and in length from 5 to 10 feet. 
To apply this form of gag it is 
only necessary to place rope in 
mouth (a), then pass looped 
end (d) over poll (c) ; now 
carry rope (b) through loop 

(d), and make the desired tension by pulling on free end of 
rope (b). 

Rope and short stick gag, Figure 12, is made by tying both 

ends of a rope together 
the proper size to fit a 
horse, somewhat similar 
to an ordinary bridle 
(a) ; then with a round 
^^ A ^^^ ' u\ - "■^>v^ piece of wood (c) 6 to 

8 inches long, placed 

y M,\\\\xvxN , \?^^>^^''^"""~ '\^^"^\ between rope and cheek, 

make traction by twist- 
ing at side of cheek (b) 

^. ,^ until the desired ten- 

Fig. 12. Rope and Short Stick Gag. . . , . , „. 

sion IS obtained. The 

diameter of the rope or sash cord used should be same as that 

described in Figure 11. 




TWITCHES, GAGS AND BARNACLES. 



19 




Fig. 13. Rope and Long Stick Gag. 



The rope and long stick 
gag, Figure 13, is made sim- 
ilar to that of Figure 12 ex- 
cept the piece of wood (a) 
should be from 10 to 18 inches 
long. Insert the stick at side 
of cheek (b) and twist until de- 
sired tension is obtained. The 
free end of stick can then be 
tied to rope (c) at side of 
face. 



Barnacles. 

Barnacles are made of either metal or wood. They con- 
sist of two pieces hinged together at one end and so shaped at 
the free ends as to make them easily and quickly brought to- 
gether so that they can be "fixed" securely by cord or other 
means. The barnacle answers the same purpose as either the 
twitch or gag. It is more severe in its effects, and should al- 
ways be used with 
discretion. The 
wooden barnacle, 
Figure 14, con- 
sists of two round 
pieces of hard Fig. 14. Wooden Barnacle. 

wood 1^ inches 

in diameter and 15 inches long, into which notches or circular 
ridges are cut to come in contact with the lip. These cause 
pain as well as prevent the appliance from slipping off the lip. 
They are hinged at one end by means of a piece of rope or 
cord. To apply this barnacle the lip is grasped and the free 
ends of the stick brought together until desired pressure on 
lip is obtained ; then the free ends of sticks are tied together 
with cord. 




EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Metal barnacle, Figure 15, consists of two pieces of metal 

with their approx- 
imating edges flat- 
tened and hinged 
together. On the 
distal end of one 
of these pieces of 
metal a ring is placed to fit into notches on the corresponding 
end of the other. To apply this barnacle, Figure 16, the nose 




Metal Barnacle. 




Fig. 16. Metal Barnacle Applied. 
should be grasped and the metal pieces forced together until 
the desired tension is secured. The ring (c) is then locked in 
the appropriate notch (a). 




Fig. 17. Subjection by Grasping Nose and Twisting Ear. 



twitches, gags and barnacles. 21 

Other Simple Methods of Subjection. 

To firmly grasp the nose (b) with tlie left hand, Figure 17, 
and simply twisting or compressing the ear (c) with the right 
hand will oftentimes prove to be sufficient restraint for exam- 
ination and minor operation. 




Fig. 18, Rope or Cord Held Tightly Around Lower Jaw. 

Figure 18 represents a rope or cord (b) passed into the 
mouth (a) and held tightly around lower jaw (c). This will 

oftentimes enable the op- 
erator to examine and op- 
erate upon many animals 
without resorting to other 
methods of restraint. 

To simply "blindfold" 
or cover the head, Figure 
19, will cause many ner- 
vous and sometimes vicious 
animals to stand without 




Fig. 19. Subjection by Blindfold. 



resorting to other more 
complicated or painful 
methods. 



CHAPTEE II. 

EESTKAINT OE "wAR BRIBLEs" AND HALTERS. 



The Restraint or '^'War Bridle." 

As a means of restraint and subjection of animals which 
are of a certain nervous or vicious temperament, the "war 
bridle" is far superior to the twitch or any other appliance. 
This device has been in successful use for many years by some 
of the world's most famous "horse tamers." It is oftentimes 
indispensable in handling certain animals. When properly 
applied, correctly adjusted and judiciously used there can come 
no bad results from its application. When the nervous and 
vicious character of some animals is taken into consideration, 
its use on them, even from a humanitarian viewpoint, is amply 
justified. The "war bridle" can be modified in a variety of 
ways to increase its power and efficiency. Experience, good 
judgment and extreme care are the three attributes necessary 
on the part of the operator to handle the "war bridle" suc- 
cessfully. 

To make a good "war bridle" it is necessary to use rope 
or sash cord of first-class quality, varying in size from 5-16 to 
%-inch in diameter, and from 15 to 24 feet in length. The 
object of the "war bridle" is to cause pain by pressure on the 
spinal cord at its most exposed part, which is immediately over 
the axoatloid articulation, at the same time tension is brought 
on cheeks at corners of mouth by traction on free end of cord. 
This also causes excruciating pain, thereby bringing the ani- 
mal under immediate and thorough control. If properly used 
it is certainly a powerful and valuable method of restraint. 



KESTKAINT OB ""WAR BRIDLEs" AND HALTERS 



23 



Gleasons "War Bridle. 



The bridle of 
Gleason, Figure 
20, is one of the 
simplest of war 
bridles. After se- 
curing sash cord 
or rope of proper 
diameter and 
length, the rope is 
passed around the 
neck (d) and tied 
securely (c). It 
is then passed into 
and through the 
mouth (a) to the 

opposite side and over the poll (e) and back again (f), after 
which the pull or traction is made from end of rope (b). 




Fig, 20. Gleason's "War Bridle." 



Eureka "War Bridle. 




Fig. 21. Eureka "War Br-idle." 



The Eureka "war 
bridle," Figure 21, is 
made and applied by 
tying the rope (g) (f) 
around the neck well 
posterior to the "poll." 
ISText pass rope (c) to 
right side of face and 
through the mouth. 
Then pass rope (a) (b) 
back through loop 
around neck (d) and 
make traction on free 
end of rope (e). 



24 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Bonaparte "War Bridle." 

The Bonaparte "war 
bridle," Figure 22, is one 
of the most popular and 
widely used "war bridles" 
that has ever been de- 
signed. It is also known 
as the double draw-hitch 
bridle. It gives at least 
three times more power 
than any other form of 
"war bridle," and is es- 
pecially useful in handling 
and controlling large, pow- 
erful and vicious animals. To make this appliance the cord 
(d) is tied securely around neck (c). Then bring the cord 
from below upwards, l^ow pass it over poll (e) and back 
through mouth (a) thence through the loop (F) and make trac- 
tion from free end of rope. If desired to secure still more 
power the cord may be placed under the upper lip instead of 
though the mouth. 




Fig. 22. Bonapart "War Bridle." 



Magner's "War Bridle. 



The Magner "war 
l)ridle," Figure 23, 
is made by simply 
making loop (a) 
around lower jaw 
and through mouth, 
after which pass free 
end of cord upward 
on off-side of head 
and over "poll" 
(b) ; then downward 
through loop (a) and 
make traction from 
free end of rope (c) 




Fig. 23. Magner's "War 



RESTRAINT OR WAR BRIDLES AND HALTERS. 



25 



Magners "War Bridle" Modified. 

Figure 24 represents 
Magner's "war bridle" 
modified. This bridle is 
applied bj making a loop 
around lower jaw (a) with 
free end of rope on off- 
side; then over "poll" (d) 
downwards and through 
loop at lower jaw; thence 
under upper lip (e) back 
along side face on off side 
over poll again (d) down 
and through loop (b). Make traction from free end of rope (c). 




Fig. 24. Magner's "War Bridle" 
Modified 



Restraint and Dental Halters. 

Devices of this character are oftentimes useful in confining 
horses for minor surgical and dental operations. Inasmuch as 
the head does not require additional holding, these halters 
dispense with the services of at least one assistant. There are 
several good and substantial halters made for this purpose. 
The principal ones are as follows: 



Lucas' Denial Halter. 

The Lucas dental halter, Figure 25, is a very desirable 
device for securing the horse's head in almost any position for 

minor surgical operations 
and dental work. It was de- 
signed by George H. Lucas, 
Veterinary Dentist, of To- 
ronto, Canada, and consists 
of (a) metal nose band (a) 
hammered into proper shape. 
This nose band is well padded 
with felt or other soft mate- 
rial. The nose band is con- 




Fig. 25. Lucas' Dental Halter. 



26 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



nected with the heavy two-inch overhead or "poll strap" (h) 
bj means of two 6-inch doubled and stitched straps (g). There 
are two side rings into which the two side ropes or straps (e) 
(f) are fastened. These side ropes or straps are fastened 
securely to a post on each side of the head to prevent move- 
ment of head from side to side. At bottom of nose band is a 
ring (c) into which is attached the chain martingale (d). This 
martingale is to fasten into a strong surcingle and prevent up- 
ward motion of the head. The Lucas dental halter, when 
properly adjusted, will effectually prevent the head from move- 
ment to either side or upwards. 

FeJirs Dental Halter. 

Fehr's dental halter, Figure 26, is an effectual device for 
holding the animal's head steady while performing minor sur- 
gical operations about the 
head, and dental work. It 
is simple and light, con- 
sisting of only four pieces. 
The semi-circular metal 
nose band is covered with 
either rubber tubing or 
leather. The covering is l\l 
held securely to the nose 
band by metal clamps to 
which are attached the 
suitable rings for attach- 
ment of the heavy over poll 

strap and the side ropes or Fig. 26. Fehr's Dental Halter, 

straps which are to secure the head on each side to post or 
sides of stall. All straps and ropes are adjustable. The appa- 
ratus is readily cleaned, and on account of its lightness and 
compactness may be easily transported. 




RESTRAINT OR WAR BRIDLES AND HALTERS. 



27 



Ellis Combination Surgiml and Dental Halter. 

The Ellis combination dental and surgical halter, Figure 27, 
is an appliance for fixing the head in certain positions for minor 
surgical operations and dental work. This 
halter possesses several original features 
which are valuable in restraining the head. 
The principal feature is the "lip strap" (b) 
to which the pillar or side reins (g) are at- 
tached. These suspend the head at the proper 
height and prevent side to side movement. 
The nose band (a) is metal, non-compressi- 
ble and heavily padded. There are offsets 
in the nose band which hold the cheek pieces 
of the halter 2^ to 3 inches from the cheeks 
of the horse. The cheek pieces are doubled 
and very strong. The "lip strap" is covered 
with rubber. There is a piece of forged steel 
(c) into which a substantial martingale (e) 
is snapped (c). The side reins (g) are 7 
feet long and can be of either sash cord, 
leather or chain. The halter is made of fine 
russet leather, rawhide, and metal with brass mountings. 




Fig. 27. Ellis Com- 
bination Halter. 



Directions for Its Application. 

After backing the horse into his stall in the usual manner 
for work upon the teeth, drop off the stable halter and apply 
the "combination" halter to the head, unbuckle the lip-strap 
on one side, pass it under the upper lip over the incisor teeth 
and buckle quite tight. Elevate the head by fixing the side or 
pillar reins to the stall-posts on each side as high up as you can 
reach ; then tighten the strap leading to the surcingle which is 
provided with a buckle, thereby lowering the nose to a height 
convenient to the operator. If the stall chances to be exces- 
sively long, place a rope across it behind the horse before back- 
ing him in, for him to rest back against, and he positively can- 
not move, and you can operate upon the teeth and mouth with 
an ease and precision that is most satisfying. 



CHAPTER III. 



RESTRAINT HARNESS AND OTHER LEATHER AND ROPE 
APPLIANCES. 

Bj the use of certain appliances made from leather and 
rope we are enabled to successfully confine or restrain one, two, 
or even all the legs of a horse in the standing posture. The 
particular pattern of apparatus varies according to the ideas 
or fancy of the individual surgeon in conjunction with the 
amount and character of restraint required. Of course, it is 
understood that the twitch is a necessary adjunct to all of the 
following methods of restraint. 

Restraint of One Foreleg. 

When it is desired to confine only one 
fore leg it can best be done by use of some 
form of knee strap. One of the best 
knee straps is represented by Figure 28. 
This pattern has been used by the author 
for a number of years. The straps are 
both two inches wide and made from first- 
class harness leather. To make them 
stronger they are doubled and stitched. 
The smaller strap (b) is applied between 
ankle and pastern. It is securely stitched 
into blank buckle (d) (e). A buckle (a) 
is inserted two inches below blank buckle 
(d). This strap is lined with soft leather 
or lamb skin to prevent chafing. When 
applied, the blank buckle (d) (e) takes 
all the strain off the main buckle (a). 
On the opposite side of the blank buckle 
(e) (d) is applied the main strap (g) 
(h), which fastens over the forearm when 
Fig 28. Author's Knee ^^ ^^^®- This strap is adjustable and very 
Strap. satisfactory and convenient. 




RESTRAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



29 



Trasbot's Knee Strap. 

The knee strap designed and used by Trasbot, Figure 29, 
consists of a leather strap two inches 
wide and four feet long (d), pierced 
with a sufficient number of holes to 
render it adjustable to any size horse. 
At one end is a heavy blank buckle (c) ; 
on one side about ten inches from the 
blank buckle is a heavy and strong 
buckle (a). The strap (d) running 
through the buckle (c) forms a loop, 
which is applied around pastern and 
then w^ound around fore arm. It is 
then fastened in the buckle (a). 




Fig. 29. Trasbot's Knee 
Strap. 




Fig. 30. Foot Held by Means of Rope. 



3° 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Another method of holding one fore foot up, Figure 80, 
is to loop a rope around pastern and have it held over the 
withers (d) by an assistant. This is a safe method to the 
animal on account of the rapidity with which the leg can be 
released. 




Fig. 31. Fixing Pastern to 
Forearnn With Rope. 




Fig. 32. Hess' Knee Strap. 



Another method is to simply fix pastern (a) to the fore 
arm (b) as shown in Figure 31. This is a simple as well as 
an inexpensive method of confining the fore leg. 

Hess' Knee Strap. 

The Hess knee strap, Figure 32, is made of a heavy leather 
strap 2^'2 to 3 inches wide. At one end is a strong buckle. 
About 8 inches below this end buckle a blank buckle is placed. 
The main strap is about 36 inches long, and is applied by 
looping bottom section of strap around pastern, then pass the 
strap between pastern and fore arm, thence around fore arm 
to buckle. 



KESTEAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



31 



Surcingle and strap method, Figure 33, is simply a surcin- 
gle (d) applied tightly around chest. The strap is placed 




Fig. 33. Surcingle and Strap. 

around pastern (a) by means of a loop, then it is passed through 
buckle (c), thence upward under surcingle (b), then down 
until it reaches buckle again. 

Restraint of One Hind Leg. 

The object of restraint or control of one hind leg is prin- 
cipally to prevent kicking. However, such restraint oftentimes 
has the effect of diverting the animal's attention and causing it 
to remain quiet while an examination is being made or a minor 
operation performed. The twitch must always be used in con- 
nection with any side line method. The hind leg may be con- 
trolled in a variety of ways. The principal ones are as follows : 

Hock Tivitch. 



The hock twitch, Figure 34, is for the pur- 
pose of preventing the animal from flexing the 
hock. It is made from a heavy piece of rope 18 
to 22 inches long, with a loop or opening in each 
end through which a stick of wood about II/2 
inches in diameter and 12 inches long is thrust. 
This twitch is placed around leg from 4 to 6 
inches above the hock and tightened by rotating 
the stick of wood. 




Ig. 34. 
Twitch. 



32 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The tail can be utilized in connection with restraint of one 
hind leg, Figure 35. This is done bj a special form of knot 
which will not slip when the weight is thrown on the tail, 





Fig. 35. utilization of Tail in Restraint of 
Hind Leg. 



Fig, 36. Tail Knot for 
Hind Leg Rope. 



Figure 36. After securely fixing rope (b) to tail (a) it is 
then passed through the ring (c) of hobble strap. The foot can 
be raised in the backward position by making traction on free 
end of the rope. 

Eestraining the hind leg by sideline, Figure 37, is best 
done by using %-inch cotton rope; however, manilla, or sisal 
rope or webbing will answer the purpose. Loop rope around 
pastern (a), the free end is then carried under chest between 
fore legs; then upward and back of shoulder on opposite side; 
thence over back (c) and down behind elbow on the side of the 



KESTKAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



33 




Fig. 37. Restraining One Hind Leg by Side Line. 

leg which you desire to restrain. Draw hind leg up and make 
about two wraps around the rope (b). This will prevent the 
ropes from slipping. Hold free end of rope (d) with one or 
both hands (e). 




Fig. 38. Restraining One Hind Leg by Side Line. 



34 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Another method of restraining one hind leg by side line, 
Figure 38, is by tying the %-inch rope around the neck (f ) (e), 
then pass rope (c) down to and around the pastern (a) which 
you desire to restrain. If you use a hobble strap the rope (c) 
is simply passed through the ring. Raise foot by making 
traction on free end of rope (d). Fix rope to prevent slipping 
by making one or two wraps (b). 

Restraining one hind leg by means of surcingle and rope 
is done by (Figure 39) wrapping rope (b) (d) twice around 
fore legs below elbows, then fix by tying. Xow bring rope upward 




Fig. 39. Restraining One Hind Leg by Means of Surcingle and Rope. 

through ring in surcingle (c) ; then pass rope downward and 
backward to pastern of leg which you desire to restrain. If 
hobble strap is used pass rope through ring. If no hobble strap 
is used simply wrap the rope around pastern (e), raise 
foot by making traction on rope (f). 

Merillat's side line, Figure 40, consists of a hobble strap, 
a %-inch rope 20 feet long, and a special leather collar. The 
rope is attached to the bottom of collar (c). Collar is then put 
on horse, after which carry rope (d) down to and through 



RESTRAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



35 



hobble ring (f ), then upward (e) through hole in collar (a) ; 
by making traction on rope (g) the foot is lifted and held off 
the floor. The advantage of this method is that should the 
animal lunge or fall, the leg may be released instantaneously. 




Fig. 40. Merillalt's Single Side Line. 

Another method of securing the hind leg, Figure 41, is by 
tying rope around neck with knot over withers; then carry 




Fig. 41. Restraining One Hind Leg in Backward Position. 

rope back to and around root of tail; thence do^vnward to 
pastern; then back through hobble ring. Make traction on 



36 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



free end of rope and the foot will be lifted from floor. By 
this method the weight is thrown almost entirely on the hips 
and back. 

The German method of restraining one hind leg, Figure 42, 
is by first applying a heavy leather collar (h) (g). Then slip 
leather strap or rope loop (d) over tail. 'Now carry tail 
through loop in crupper strap (e) and fasten crupper strap 




Fig. 42. German Method of Restraining One Hind Leg. 



(f) to collar (g). Tie rope around neck with knot in front 
of chest (i) ; then carry rope between fore legs to and through 
ring (a) in hobble strap. Now carry rope up to and through 
loop (b) and make traction from free end of rope. 

Another method of restraining one hind leg. Figure 43, is 
by looping rope or strap around leg above ankle (a) ; then carry 
rope or strap (b) upward to the opposite side and around chest 



EESTBAINT HAENESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



37 



(e) (d). Then twist or wrap the rope around the other rope 
(b) behind elbow (c) and make traction on free end of rope (f ). 




Fig. 43. Restraining One Hind Leg. 

To restrain the leg in backward position, Figure 44, the 
rope is tied around neck (c) (d) with knot about middle of 




Fig. 44. Restraining Leg in Bacl<ward Position. 



38 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



shoulder (b) ; then carry rope (a) downward to and through 
hobble ring (f). Instead of making traction forward the pull 
is made from behind. This raises foot and draws it backward. 
When using this method it is best to have an assistant to 
support the animal. 

Another method of restraining the hind leg, Figure 45, is to 
buckle heavy surcingle (a) around horse; then loop rope around 
ankle (d) and fix it there in such a manner as to prevent the 
rope from slipping. jS^ow pass one free end (c) through ring 




p^^^^^N'^ 



Fig. 45. Securing One Hind Leg Forward. 

of surcingle (b) on top of back; then carry rope (e) backwards 
to and through tail loop (f). Make traction on front rope (j) 
to raise foot and draw it forward. Then make traction on 
back rope (g). In this position the animal is imable to move 
the leg either forward or backward. 



Restraint of Both Hind Legs. 

The purpose of restraining both hind legs is to prevent the 
animal from kicking;. This method of restraint is demanded 



RESTRAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



39 



principally for breeding purposes. Eestraint of this character 
will prevent a mare from injury to stallion during service, 
besides it is useful to the surgeon in making examinations and 
in performing operations upon the posterior parts of an animal. 

The German appa- 
ratus, Figure 46, is for 
the purpose of prevent- 
ing kicking by lifting 
or raising both hind 
legs off the floor. Two 
pieces of metal are 
made — one to fit over 
root of tail (e), the 
other to have loop near 
end of tail (d). Be- 
tween these two metal 
parts are several 
strands of rope (f). A 
heavy strap is fastened 
around each hind leg, 
between the hock and 
stifle (d) (a). By 
means of a block and 
tackle (b) (c) the hind 
quarters are lifted suf- 
ficiently to get the hind 
J. , , % .1 n Fig- 46. German Apparatus for Lifting 

leet clear oi the tioor. Hind Legs off the Floor. 




Wocher's Service Hobbles. 

These hobbles. Figure 47, will prevent kicking in every 
instance. They can be quickly applied and easily removed. 
They are made of good leather and rope and are strong, safe 
and durable. The parts are a heavy leather collar to the 
bottom of which is two doubled and stitched leather straps. 
These straps are punched with a sufficient number of buckle 



40 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



tongue holes to render them thoroughly adjustable. To the 
two front straps are buckled the connecting rope from hobble 
rings. 




Fig. 47. Wocher's Service Hobbles. 

The Ewell Farm Service or Anti-Kicking Hobbles, Figure 
48, are made by using a 4-inch leather collar (1) to which is 
securely fastened (k) the main strap. This strap passes be- 
tween the fore legs to connect with the main buckle (i). The 
main strap is 2 inches wide and contains a sufficient number of 
buckle tongue holes to render it adjustable for any size animal. 
On each hock are two straps (c) (b) fastened at each end to a 
ring (a). These two rings are brought together and fastened 
into a heavy snap (e) (d). A 1-inch rope (f) running through 
a wooden pulley (g) connects the two heavy snaps which carry 
hock straps or hobbles. The main buckle (i) is fastened to the 



RESTRAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



41 



pulley (g). By means of this arrangement the animal is 
enabled to Avalk or move in almost any direction; however, 
kicking is rendered impossible. 




Fig. 48. Ewell Farm Service or Anti-Kicking Hobbles. 

The rope and hobble method of restraining both hind legs, 
Figure 49, is easily and quickly applied. It is very effectual 
in prohibiting kicking. This device is made by applying a 
hobble strap to each hind pastern (a) (b). Connect the two 
hobble strap rings by means of a rope (c). This rope is then 
passed upward and forward between fore legs; thence upward 
on outside of shoulder on opposite side, and back over withers 
(f) ; then down and around rope (d) behind elbow. The free 
end of rope (g) is held by an assistant. 

4 



42 



eesteaint of domestic animals. 
Restraint of All Four Legs. 



We are called upon to restrain all four legs to prevent kick- 
ing as well as to prevent striking or pawing. This means of 
restraint oftentimes takes the place of stocks for restraint in 
the standing posture. 




Fig. 49. Rope and Hobble Method of Restraining Both Hind Legs, 

Weh and Rope Method. 

This appliance, Figure 50, when used properly, will effect- 
ually prevent an animal from using either of its four legs. 
The web rope should be made from either manila or sisal fiber. 
The total length should be from 22 to 25 feet. Begin with a 
heavy ring (c) and make the first 14 feet of web (d) 4 inches 
wide. The next 8 to 11 feet should be rope (a) (e) %-inch in 



EESTKAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



43 




Fig, 50. Web and Rope Appanatus. 




Fig. 51. Web and Rope— Plate Longe Applied to all Four Legs 



44 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



diameter; at the end of this rope is attached another heavy 
ring (b). This apparatus is applied by carrying the rope 
around the horse immediately above hocks and knees. After 
making it snug and tense against all four legs it is tied together 
at ring in the web end ; the rope end is now carried over back 
and tied into web part on the opposite side ; then carried under 
abdomen and tied in the ring or web end of rope. 




Fig. 52. Morgan's Method of Restraining All Four Legs. 

Figure 51 will give a comprehensive idea of the proper 
way to apply and use the web and rope apparatus illustrated 
in Figure 50. This apparatus is applied by beginning with 
the rope on near side of horse about opposite the chest; pass 
it forward across the forearm of that side ; then in front below 
breast (d) across forearm of off side; thence backward across 
thigh (b) well above hock; then pass it back of animal across 
other thigh to the starting point. It is here made secure. To 



EESTKAINT IIAENESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



45 



prevent it from slipping down the end of rope is thrown over 
back (c) and secured by a knot. 

Morgans Method. 

The Morgan Method, Figure 52, is manipulated by means 
of surcingle, rope and two hobble straps. The rope should be 
%-inch in diameter and 20 to 25 feet long. Begin by attach- 
ing rope to hobble strap of near fore leg (a), pass upward to 
and through ring (c) in surcingle; then backward above hocks 




Fig. 53. Rope Method of Restraining All Four Legs. 

(g) to and through ring in surcingle of opposite side; thence 
down to hobble ring of left fore (b) leg. The rope is now 
carried back to and through surcingle ring. Traction sufficient 
to prevent kicking is brought on free end of rope (f). 

Rope Method. 

To apply the rope method, Figure 53, two %-inch to %-inch 
cotton, manila or sisal ropes, each 15 feet long, are necessary. 



46 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Loop the ropes to each hind pastern (a) (f), or, if hobble straps 
are available, the ropes are fastened into the hobble rings. Then 
carry ropes (c) (d) upward, behind elbows (e) (h) ; thence 
from within outward under the preceding part of rope (e) 
and upward (g) over withers (k). The two ropes are then 
tied together (i), which completes the rigging. 

Galvayne Method. 

The Galvayne method of restraining all four legs of the 
horse, Figure 54, is by means of a single rope of the proper 
size and length. This rope is looped or wrapped around both 




'^'■•''''•1, //;:,>A/^:),in/; 



Fig. 54. Galvayne Method of Restraining All Four Legs. 

hind pasterns (c) ; then pass rope (b) upward to and over 
withers (j) ; then down below elbow on opposite side; thence 
several times around both forelegs, at the same time taking in 
the main part of rope (b) immediately behind the elbow (a). 
This appliance will effectually prohibit kicking and striking. 



EESTKAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 



47 



Hippo Lasso. 

By means of the Hippo Lasso, or Equine Straight Jacket, 
nervous and even vicious animals may in a short time be ren- 
dered docile and safe. There are several different designs of 
the Hippo Lasso ; however, the result obtained by use of either 
one of them is the same. To prevent being kicked the hippo 
lasso is sometimes used preparatory to applying hobbles. 




Fig. 55. Galvayne Method of Restraining All Four Legs. 
(The Galvayne "Straight Jacket.") 



Galvayne's Rope Hippo Lasso. 

The rope hippo lasso of Galvayne, Figure 55, will effectually 
confine all four legs of a horse, in the standing posture, with a 
single rope. It is possible to put this apparatus on vicious 
horses, even those which are wild and unbroken. It can be 
applied without injury to the animal or danger to the operator. 
As a means of subjection and restraint this equine straight 
jacket of Galvayne is second to none. 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 56. Raabe's and Lunel's Hippo-Lasso. 




Fig. 57. Hippo-Lasso Applied. 



BESTEAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 49 

Raabes and Lunel's Hippo Lasso. 

The hippo lasso of Raabe and Lunel, Figure 56, is com- 
posed of two principal parts, viz. : breast collar and breeching 
strap. These are joined together bj two long side straps (e) 
(d). The breeching is susj^ended by a leather strap (g). This 
strap is buckled on each side to the breeching strap (b) (c). 
The breast collar (i) is also suspended by a similar strap (h) 
and is attached on each side by buckles (j) (k). The over- 
neck strap (h) and over-hip strap (g) are connected by an 
adjustable back strap (g) (f). 



Fig. 58. Hippo-Lasso in Action. 

Figure 57 represents the hippo lasso applied. The breast 
strap (b) is dropped down between knee and elbow. The 
breeching strap (a) (k) is dropped down between hock and 
stifle. The breeching and breast straps are suspended by over 
withers strap (i) and over back strap (h). 

Figure 58 represents the hippo lasso in action. Tension 



so 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



is being made on long side straps (c) (d) and the breeching 
band is being brought firmly against the hind legs of the horse. 

Belmont Rider Harness. 

The Belmont rider harness, Figure 59, is a heavy and strong 
hippo lasso. It is adjustable in all directions and affords a 




Fig. 59. Belmont Rider Harness. 

convenient and safe method of restraining a horse in the stand- 
ing posture. 

Gleason's Restraint Harness. 

The restraint harness, Figure 60, is a pattern of leather 
hippo lasso used by O. R. Gleason. The whole apparatus is 
made of leather without buckles. The breast collar (a) which 
drops down almost to knees is 8 inches wide. The breeching 
strap (b) is 6 inches wide and drops down almost to hocks. The 



KESTKAINT HARNESS AND OTHER APPLIANCES. 51 




Fig. 60. Gleason's Restraint Harness or Hippo-Lasso. 



withers strap (h) and liip strap (d) are connected by a back 
strap (g). These withers and hip straps support the breast and 
breeching straps. Two straps on each side run from breeching 
strap to rings in the breast strap and connect these two parts. 
The straps are all adjustable and are "fixed" by knots. 



CHAPTER IV. 

STOCKS. 

With some operators the stocks are a favorite apj)aratus for 
restraint of the horse in the standing posture. Other opera- 
tors, equally as competent and experienced, are severe in their 
condemnation of the stocks as a means of restraint. In my 
opinion there are good reasons for both of these conflicting 
opinions. Some animals cannot and should not be confined in 
the stocks ; some operations cannot and should not be attempted 
with the stocks as the only means of restraint. Some forms of 
stocks are worse than worthless, while other models are very 
desirable. Properly constructed stocks are safe and sane ad- 
juncts to any veterinary operating room. We must all admit 
that accidents to the operator and patient do sometimes occur 
whenever and wherever stocks are used ; but on the other hand, 
we are forced to admit that accidents sometimes occur to the 
operator and the patient when any of the other methods of 
restraint are used. The knee strap, side line, hobbles, casting 
harness and operating table all have their objections. ]^one of 
them afford us perfect means of restraint. Accidents some- 
times occur when using all or any one of them. Admitting 
that the above in regard to other means of restraint is true, 
then how can any one be justified in severely condemning the 
stocks. The stocks afford a quick and easy means of restraint. 
Without hesitation an animal is placed in the stocks; they are 
labor savers, time savers, and by utilizing the stock one assistant 
can successfully confine or restrain a patient for many minor 
and even some major operations. 

The Barcus Stocl^s. 

The Barcus stocks. Figure 61, is the product of an unique 
and original idea of restraint in the standing posture. It is 
especially useful in shoeing and operations on the soles of the 
feet. The frame of this stock is triangular in shape, which ren- 
ders it exceedingly strong. The two sides of the frame (f) (e) 



STOCKS. 



53 



are separate and hinged to the wall. When not in use they 
are open wide apart and swing back against the wall. The body 
girth (g) is made of heavy canvas or cotton belting, and when 
tightened by the ratchet it lifts the horse partly off the floor. 
This body girth is 32 inches wide. By means of the automatic 
self-adjusting foot clamp (a) the foot of any wild, vicious or 
nervous horse can be grasped, secured, and held in any position 




Fig. 61. Barcus Stocks. 



with perfect safety to the operator. The castings are all mal- 
leable and are difficult to break. In placing a horse in this 
stock the head is tied to the wall, after which simply bring 
the two swinging sides of the stock together until they are 
against the horse. The forward movement of the animal is 
limited by a rope breast band which fastens by a cam. Lying 
down is prevented by the body girth which is tightened by a 
crank (k). The apparatus for controlling the foot consists of 



54 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



a sliding or lifting bar, on the lower end of which is the auto- 
matic foot clamp. The sliding bar can be raised and locked at 
any desired height and then swung either forward or backward 
carrying the foot with it. On the side of the sliding or lifting 
bar is a rack, the cogs of which receive the locking bolt. It is 
constructed with an automatic self-locking, self-adjusting foot 
clamp, pivotly connected to the lower end of the slidihg bar. 
With the automatic foot clamp the surgeon is in no danger of 
receiving a kick while fastening it to the foot. This clamp is 
self-adjusting and fits around any size pastern. The machine 
is provided wuth four supporting plates securely bolted to the 
frame immediately beside each leg of the horse, to these 
are locked, absolutely solid, the foot-handling device which is 
constructed in such a manner that the foot can be instantly 
released by simply raising the locking pall which unfastens 




Fig. 62. McKillip Veterinary College Stocks. 



STOCKS. 55 

the foot device and same can be as quickly adjusted and locked 
at either of the other supporting plates. 

McKillip Veterinary College Stoclcs. 

The stocks used at the McKillip Veterinary College, Eigure 
62, are strong and convenient. With them an animal can be 




Fig. 63. McKillip Veterinary College Stocks with Horse 
Secured — Side View. 

properly secured in the standing posture. They are made by 
securing four corner posts (6x8 inches) to both floor and ceil- 
ing. About 31/0 feet from the floor these posts are sawed out to 



56 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



accommodate the main (3x8-inch) side timbers. These side 
timbers are cut out, both in front (i) and behind (e), to accom- 
modate the (3x8-inch) bars which are placed against the breast 
in front and hips behind. The girths (f) (g) are wide and 
made of heavy canvas or wide belting. The back straps (h) 




Fig. 64. McKillip Veterinary College Stocks — Side and Rear View. 



(i) are also strong and made of the same material as that used 
in the girths. Figure 63 represents a side view of the stocks 
with a horse secured therein. It will be observed that the 
head is made fast on each side to the front corner posts of the 
stocks. The two girths (b) (c) are buckled under the abdomen. 
The two back straps are buckled on the opposite side. These 
prevent the animal from either lying down or rearing up, and 



STOCKS. 



57 




Fig. 65. McKillip Veterinary College Stocks — Rear View. 



58 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



the cross bars prevent forward or backward movement. All parts 
are well padded on inside. 

Figure 64 represents the rear and side view of the McKillip 
stocks. It will be observed that the cross bar behind the horse 
can be removed and the animal backed against the cross bar (s) 
on outside of rear corner posts. This places the posterior parts 
of the animal in an accessible position for examination and 
operation. The last mentioned position is especially conve- 
nient for all tail, rectal and vaginal operations. 

Figure 65 represents rear view of the McKillip stocks and 
is self-explanatory. One advantage the McKillip stock has 
over many others is that by removing the three cross bars an 
animal may be led through the stock and back again, thereby 
dispensing with the troublesome practice of "backing them" in. 




Fig. 66. Ordinary Wooden Stock, 



STOCKS. 



59 



Another advantage is that there is no obstruction between the 
operator and the legs and feet of the animal. 

Ordinary Wooden Stocks. 

Figure 66 represents an ordinary wooden stock. It is made 
by fastening four corner posts (6x6 inches) securely to the 
floor (a) (b) (h). The wooden timbers (i) (j) (k) (1) (m) 
(n) are firmly nailed or bolted to the corner posts. The horse 
is led into the stocks and the halter rein fastened to one of the 
four corner posts (o). A rope from the floor ring (d) is carried 
over withers (e) and back across to bottom of opposite post (c) 
and there secured. 



n n^ 




Fig. 67. Vinsot's Stocks. 

E. Vinsofs Stocks. 

The apparatus designed and used by E. Vinsot, Figure 67, 
is so arranged that the animal may, after being confined therein, 



6o 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



be operated upon either in the standing or recnmbent posture. 
The corner posts on one side are hinged at their bottom. By this 
hinge arrangement the stocks are turned down to ahnost the 
horizontal position. 

The frame of this stock is made of metal and equipped with 
a body girth (a) similar to that of the ordinary sling. This 
body girth is suspended by chains (c) (b), which are attached 
to the iron beam above. Traction on these chains is made by 
a ratchet windlass (q) which at the same time tightens the chain 
to which the hobble rings (e) (m) (n) (o) are attached. The 
horizontal bar (i) is removable in order to place the animal in 
the stock. The head is fixed on each side to the front upright 
corner posts. A leather strap (g) is attached to the body girth 
and passes between the hind legs and fastens into chain above to 




Fig. 68. Peuch and Toussaint's Stocks. 



STOCKS. 



6i 




62 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




STOCKS. 63 

support the hind quarters. The Vinsot stock is the beginning 
of the John A. W. Dollar operating table. The Dollar table 
has during recent years been improved and perfected by the 
Bradwood Manufacturing Company, and is now known and sold 
in America as the Bradwood Humane Equine Operating Table. 
These tables are illustrated and described in Part II, Chap- 
ter III. 

Pencil and Toussaint's Stocks. 

The stocks described by Peuch and Toussaint, Figure 68, 
are satisfactory in many respects. The cut is self-explanatory. 
It will be observed that these stocks are built upon a strong 
wooden floor, which renders them portable. They are easily 
moved to any desired place in the hospital or operating room. 

New York State Veterinary College Metal Stocks. 

Figures 69 and 70 will give the surgeon a good general idea 
of the metal stocks now in use at the ISTew York State Veteri- 
nary College. These stocks were designed and perfected by 
Prof. W. L. Williams and were manufactured and installed 
under his supervision. They are strong, neat, attractive and 
satisfactory. They are as near sanitary as it is possible for 
stocks to be made. By using this form of stocks almost every 
part of the animal is accessible. The unique and original 
method of applying the girths and back strap is especially 
attractive. These stocks are made almost entirely of tubular 
steel of a large and strong size. The steel tubing is joined 
together by elbows and threaded connections. These tight and 
strong joints make the apparatus rigid and substantial. 

Australian "Crush." 

The Australian "Crush," Figure 71, is simply a "pen" or 
"chute" into which wild and vicious horses are driven in order 
to catch them. It is made high enough to prevent the animal 
from jumping out, and narrow enough to make it impossible 
for him to turn around. An outfit of this kind is particularly 
convenient where a large number of unbroken "range horses" 
are to be caught and handled. 



64 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




CHAPTEE V. 



Slings. 



Slings are useful appliances for restraint in the standing 
posture. The stock is often supplanted by a good strong sling 
in conjunction with some one of the several methods of re- 
straining one or more legs. By means of the sling the animal's 
body is supported. If the head is held properly it is impossible 
for the animal to turn from side to side or to move either back- 
ward or forward. 




Fig. 72. H. & D. Sling. 



66 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



H. & D. Sling. 

The H. & D. sling represented in Figure 72 is made with 
a heavy sail canvas body girth (a) to which is attached the 
breeching straps (g) and breast harness (f). This canvas body 
girth is supported by and attached to a whiffletree (n). A block 




Fig. 73. An American Sling. 

and tackle is attached to the whiffletree in its center by means 
of a hook. By this block and tackle (o) (p) sufficient tension 
can be made on the body girth to support the animal. 

Figure 73 represents an American sling which is similar in 



SLINGS. 



67 



most respects to that shown in Figure 72. The main difference 
is that the breeching (k) and breast harness (b) are padded 
or lined with soft leather or canvas. This makes them wider 
and less liable to chafe the animal. 

The sling represented in Figure 74 is made extra heavy 
with wide canvas body girth. The breeching and breast har- 




Fig. 74. Sling for Large Horses. 



ness are wide canvas and are leather bound. It is made heavy 
and large throughout for use on large animals. The body girth 
(a) is three-ply canvas 3 feet long, bound and stitched, with 
2-inch leather. Breeching (c) and breast collar (b) are 8 
inches wide and made of leather, covered with canvas and lined 
throughout with lambskin. The straps are supplied with heavy 
snaps. The breeching and breast collar straps are connected 



68 



KESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



to center of whiffletree by means of ll^^iiich leather straps with 
snaps on each end. 

The German sling, Figure 75, is in several respects similar 
to those of Figure 73 and Figure 74. The body belt (a) is 




Fig. 75. German Sling. 



made of heavy canvas. The breeching (k) and breast harness 
(b) are of l^/o and 2-inch leather straps. They are attached 
to the body belt, both anterior (1) and posterior (m). Five 



SLINGS. 



69 



heavy straps (d) (c) merge together at the whiffletree and con- 
nect the body with the whiffletree. An iron or wooden bar (e) 
runs lengthwise of the horse. By this bar the tail (j) and head 
(f) are supported. 




Fig. 76. Marsch's Sling. 

Marsch's sling, Figure 76, is similar to those illustrated and 
described above, except that the body (a) is connected with the 
wooden or iron supporting piece (j) by means of a rope lace. 
This makes the sling body adjustable, which is an advantage in 
some instances. 



70 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The French sling, Figure 77, is neat and light. The body 
belt (a) is made of canvas. The breeching (n) (m) and breast 
harness (g) (j) (h) are web. Four iron rods (r) (s) (q) (p), 




Fig. 77. French Sling. 



one from each corner of body belt, merge together and fasten 
into a ring to which the block and tackle is attached. The sling 
body is attached in front (i) to a martingale strap. This strap 
prevents the sling from slipping backward. 



PART II. 

Restraint of the Horse in the 
Recumbent Posture 



PAKT II. 

Restraint of the Horse in the Recumbent Posture. 

When deciding whether or not it is necessary to cast and 
secure a horse for operation or other purpose, the surgeon should 
carefully consider the temperament, the physical condition of the 
animal, the length of time restraint will be required, the pain- 
fulness and character of the operation, the part or organ to be 
invaded, and last, but by no means least, the physical ability 
and qualification of the operator. As a general proposition it is 
always advisable to cast and secure animals for painful or long 
continued major surgical operations, l^ervous, highly bred and 
vicious animals should be cast and securely confined. When it 
has been decided to cast the animal we should, first of all, care- 
fully survey the surroundings and select the most satisfactory 
location. Of course circumstances and existing conditions play 
an important role in making our selection. When the weather 
will permit the operation being performed out of doors, there 
is no place better adapted than an open field or lawn. It is 
here that we have ample room to manipulate our restraint 
technique without interruption. When we have selected . the 
location the next problem which confronts us is the "casting 
bed." The ideal operating mat or mattress is a plot of green 
grass grown upon smooth ground. Always avoid the manure 
heap or the "rotten straw pile" whenever possible. They are 
both hotbeds of all forms of bacterial growth and are directly 
responsible for many cases of fatal septic infections. If we are 
forced to cast an animal inside of doors, then we must make 
the best of our misfortune and get busy in devising means and 
methods to best overcome that handicap. Select the place — be 
. it hallway, stall or operating room — where the most room ig 
available. Then a proper bed must be prepared. This may be 
done by the use of tanbark, soft wood shavings, straw, hay, excel- 
sior, sawdust, etc., or a specially constructed mattress or pad 
may be used. The next proposition which confronts us is what 
particular form of hobble or casting harness it is advisable to 



74 EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

use in this particular case. We have the hobble, casting har- 
ness, and the equine operating table from which to make our 
selection. Each have their disadvantages as well as their ad- 
vantages. The method selected or employed must depend large- 
ly upon the circumstances and surroundings encountered in each 
individual case. The temperament, size, strength, age and 
conformation of the animal must each receive due considera- 
tion. Then the location of the field of operation, the length 
of time required to operate, number and ability of assistants, 
value of the animal, and means of restraint available are all 
to be considered. To avoid rupture or dislocation of important 
internal abdominal organs it is best to prepare the patient before 
casting. This is done by withholding water and food for from 
twelve to twenty-four hours. When we once undertake the 
task of casting and confining the animal it should be completed 
with dispatch. Do it quickly, avoid accident unless same is 
unavoidable, and, above all things else for the personal safety 
and protection of the operator and the welfare of the animal, 
the restrain should be secure. The dangers encountered in 
performing work of this character are legion. The operator is 
often kicked, struck or bitten while applying and adjusting the 
casting apparatus. The animal may receive halter burns, lacer- 
ations and abrasions of different kinds. Rupture of muscles 
and tendons sometimes take place. Fractures of the vertebrae 
and other bones are by no means infrequent. Some patients 
present radial paralysis as a sequela of casting, while others 
become exhausted and never rise after being released. 

There are three useful adjuncts to casting and securing 
animals which it is well to mention at this immediate juncture, 
viz., the operating hood, the apparatus of Bernardot and Buttel 

for preventing broken back, and the cross hobbles. 

t 
The Operating Hood. 

The operating hood, Figure 78, is made of heavy canvas, 
doubled, stitched and padded, after which the hood (a) is 
bound around the edges with either leather or heavy cloth. 
Openings are made at top (d) to accommodate the ears. It is 
held on by buckles under chin and jaw (b) (c). This hood 



KESTEAINT OF THE HOESE IN KECUMBENT POSTURE. 75 




Fig. 78. Operating Hood. 



protects the head from injury and at the same time it acts as 
a means of subjection by answering the purpose of a blindfold. 




Fig. 79. Bernardot and Buttel Apparatus for tiie Prevention of 
Broken Back. 

Bernardot and Buttel Apparatus. 

The Bernardot and Buttel apparatus, Figure Y9, is for the 
purpose of protecting the spinal column from injury while 



76 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



casting and confining an animal. This appliance was invented 
and used by E. Cooper Smith, M. R. C. V. S. By the use of 
this appliance "broken backs" can often be avoided. The main 
object of this apparatus is to hold the head 'iii an extended 
position. This appliance consists of a wide and strong surcin- 
gle (u). On the end of this surcingle are two leather straps 
(x) (y) to fasten into the buckles (w). On each side of this 
surcingle are two straps (v) (s) which join together in front 
(s) (t). A strong halter is placed on the horse. This halter 




Fig. 80. 



Bernardot and Buttel Apparatus for Preventing Broken 
Back — Applied. 



is supplied with a heavy over-check attached to the nose-band 
(h). This over-check passes in front of the face and forehead, 
between the ears, and attaches to a metal ring (y). To this 
metal ring has already been attached the two straps (s) (y) 
from the martingale. By lengthening or shortening the over- 
check strai^ (q) the head is placed in the desired position. The 
surcingle is prevented from slipping forward by a strong crup- 
per and strap. The apparatus is applied loosely before the 
animal is cast, and tightened after it is on the ground. 

Figure 80 shows the Bernardot and Buttel outfit applied. 
Tt will be observed that the head and neck are well extended, 
thereby lessening the liability to back injury. 



RESTRAINT OF THE HORSE IN RECUMBENT POSTURE. 



77 



Cross Hohhles. 



In securing the animal in special positions we are called 
upon to use various appliances. Some of the arrangements for 

this purpose are the 
cross hobbles and the 
side-bar hobbles. 
These hobbles are for 
use on the thigh and 
fore arm. The Eng- 
lish cross hobbles, 
Figure 81, and those of James, Figure 82, can be used upon 
legs diametrically opposite, such as the near hind and off fore 
legs, and vice versa. While the side-bar hobbles, Figure 83, 




English Cross Hobbles. 




Fig. 82. James' Cross Hobbles. 



FigTires 



are for use on opposite legs only. The illustrations 

81, 82 and 83, are self-explanatory. Suffice it to say that these 

appliances are useful and valuable adjuncts to restraint in the 




Fig. 83. Side-bar Hobbles. 



recumbent posture. They should be used whenever the hobbles 
or casting harness fail in themselves to sufficiently immobilize 
the legs for operation. 



CHAPTEK I. 



Hobbles. 

The advent of hobbles as a means of restraint in veterinary 
practice marked an epoch of beginning advancement in veteri- 
nary operative technique. The hobbles, as a means of re- 
straint, have the advantage over any other method in so far 
as they are light, portable, strong and convenient. They can 
be quickly applied, the animal cast and secured, with few 
assistants and little ceremony. An animal can also be released 
promptly and allowed to regain its feet. The disadvantages 
of hobbles are the impossibility of securely restraining the 
patient, liability of accident to patient, and inability to fix the 
legs in special positions for operations where position plays an 
important role. There are numerous styles and kinds of hob- 
bles; some are of course better and more satisfactory than 
others. In making a selection be sure and not make the mis- 
take of sacrificing strength for appearance. Be sure the hobbles 
you use are well made and strong. The application of hobbles 
should always be preceded by the twitch. An operating hood 
or some other head protector should be applied before the 
hobbles are brought into action. There are numerous styles 
and kinds of hobble straps. They are made of leather, rope, 
metal, rawhide, webbing, etc. 

Figure 84 represents the improvised 
rope hobbles of Denenbourg. These are 
made by taking four heavy metal rings and 
four pieces of ^-inch rope. Fix the rings 
with the rope by passing it several times 
around each pastern. For the forelegs the 
ring should be placed behind the pastern, 
and for the hind ones the rings should be 
in front of the pasterns. If metal rings 
cannot be procured, loops may be made on 
each end of the cord, through which the 
casting rope or chain can pass. By using 




Fig. 84. 



Improvised Rope Hob 
ble of Denenbourg. 



HOBBLES. 



79 



a casting rope or chain the animal is cast and secured in the 
ordinary manner. 

Figure 85 represents Suykerbuyck's rope hobbles. Each 
hobble is made by braiding several cords together, or by a 
single rope or sash cord not less than % of an inch in diameter, 
folded upon itself. These are tied together in a simple knot 






Fig. 85. Suykerbuyck's Rope Hobbles. 



(a). A ring (e) is fastened in the loop formed by the folding 
of the ropes, and secured by wrapping or tying ropes together 
by means of a "waxed end," or strong string (d). The hobble 
is then placed around pastern as shown in the illustrations on 
the left. A casting rope or chain completes the outfit. To re- 
move this hobble the tension on same must first be released; 
this is done by bringing the legs together. 



8o 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 86. Miles' Rope Loop Hobble. 



Figure 86 represents the Miles rope hobble. It consists 
of a piece of l/o-inch rope 35 inches long and a "D" metal 

ring (a). In the center 
of the rope (b) is looped 
the metal "D" ring. The 
ends of the rope (d) (e) 
are fastened together (c). 
These hobbles are applied 
by simply looping them 
around each pastern. It 
will be observed that when 
the 34-inch rope is doubled it makes a hobble only 17 inches 
in length. 

Figure 87 represents practically 
the same hobble strap as that 
shown in Figure 86. The "D" 
ring (a) is attached to the plaited 
rawhide rope (d) by means of a 
leather strap (e). A piece of 
leather (c) is applied to the raw- 
hide hobble. This leather strap is 
to grasp with the hand in order 
to render its removal by unloop- 
ing more convenient. 




Fig. 87. Plaited Raw-hide Hob- 
ble Strap. 



Figure 88 represents a heavy and strong leather loop hob- 
ble. The strap (e) is doubled and stitched. It is 17 inches 

long and 2 inches wide, fas- 
i:<r<i^^^^iWMlM\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\llK^ tened at each end by three 

rivets into a metal clasp (c) 
(d). These metal clasps also 
carry two blank buckles (a) 
(c). It will be observed that 
these blank buckles are so 
sized that one will pass con- 
veniently through the other by turning it cornerwise, which 
prevents them from, becoming unlooped and dropping off the 
pastern. 




Fig. 88. Leather Loop Hobble. 



HOBBLES. 



8l 



Figure 89 represents Becker's hobble strap. The Becker 
hobble strap consists of a leather strap 3 inches wide, doubled 

and stitched. I^ear one 
end of this strap is the 
metal receptacle (A) 
for the spring lock pin 
(e) which holds the dis- 
engaging buckle (c). 
^ The hobble "D" (b) is 
attached near the above- 
mentioned receptacle. 
The free end of this 
hobble strap (d) is per- 
forated with a number 




Becker's Hobbles. 




Fig. 90. Over's Spring Hobble. 

of holes to accommodate the buckle (c). The inside of this 
hobble strap is lined or padded with felt or lamb's wool. The 



82 KESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

buckle (c) of the hobble is disengaged by withdrawing the 
spring pin (e). 

Figure 90 represents Over's spring hobble. It consists of 
a piece of flat spring steel (a) 21/2 inches wide, and shaped to 
fit around the pastern. The hobble "D" or rings (c) (b) are 
attached to each end of the spring strap. The special advan- 
tage of this spring hobble of Over is that it can be readily 
slipped over the pastern, and when once applied the spring 
feature makes it self-retaining. There is no looping or buck- 
ling required, and the movements of the animal will not cause 
it to drop off. 

DiKECTIONS FOK CaSTING AND CoNFINING A HoRSE WITH 

Hobbles. 

First. — Select a suitable place and prepare a soft bed for 
casting. 

Second. — Place the animal in propor position. 

Third. — Apply the twitch. 

Fourth. — Apply the operating hood. 

Fifth. — Apply the hobbles. 

Sixth. — Detail assistants to their proper positions and in- 
struct them to obey orders. 

Seventh. — Cast the animal. 

Eighth. — Secure the animal. 

There should be one assistant at the head; he should have 
charge of the twitch and halter rein. Two or more assistants 
should pull the main rope, strap or chain. The operator should 
stand directly behind the animal with a firm tail hold. As soon 
as everything is in readiness the command should be given, at 
which time sufficient traction is made on the main rope to draw 
the feet from under the animal. The success of the job depends 
largely upon the way the tail hold is manipulated. At the 
proper time the operator should, by pulling tail either to the 
right or left, unbalance the animal, and just before it comes in 
contact with the ground lift up on the tail. This will take 
much of the jar or concussion off the hind quarters and reduce 
chances of injury to a minimum. 



HOBBLES. 83 

Directions for Releasing an Animal From Hobbles. 

It requires some care and quite as much time to release an 
animal from the hobbles as is required in the casting and re- 
straining process. If the horse is in the dorsal position it 
should be placed on its side. If the main hobble rope, strap or 
chain has been "fixed" while restraining, the same should now 
be "un-fixed" and withdrawn from the hobble rings. The 




Fig. 91. James' Patent Hobbles. 

operator should stand back well out of reach of the feet, how- 
ever facing them, and carefully remove the hobble straps from 
each pastern and allow them to drop off. Now remove the hood, 
and lastly the twitch, after which allow the animal to rise. 

James' Patent Hohhles. 

Figure 91 represents the hobbles introduced by James. 
They are light and neat as well as sufficiently strong. They 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



consist of four pieces of %-inch rope double and fixed over a 
grooved piece of metal through which the main rope (j) glides. 
These hobble ropes (b) (e) (f) (g) are made in form of loops 
and are covered with leather or rubber hose to prevent chafing. 
They are each 17 inches long. The main rope (j) is fixed to one 
of the hobble rings (i) by means of wrapping with a "waxed 
end" or strong cord (a). This rope is passed through all the 
hobble rings (b) (c) (d) and back to the j^oint of beginning 
(i). The main rope (j) is 18 feet long and % inches in diam- 
eter, preferably cotton. 

Barnick's Loojj Hobbles. 

Figure 92 repre- 
sents the loop hob- 
bles of Barnick. 
They consist of 
four hobble straps 
(b) made of 
leather in the form 
of a loop. Each of 
these are attached 
to a "D" metal 
ring (a) (e) (f) 
(g) of special de- 
sign through which 
the main rope (c) 
passes. The leather 
straps are felt 
lined. These "D" 
rings open up and 
allow removal of 
main rope without 
removal of the hob- 
ble from pastern. 
They are locked on 

Fig. 92. Barnick's Hobbles. ^^ means of a 

metal key. The 
main rope is attached securely to an end ring (a) ; this ring is 




HOBBLES. 



8S 



also attached to ring of master hobble strap. That part of rope 
upon which the hobble strap rings glide is leather covered to 
prevent wear. This rope should be 18 feet long and % to % 
inches in diameter. 

Munich Hobbles. 

Figure 93 represents the Munich hobbles. They are similar 
in many respects to the improved English hobbles. They con- 
sist of four hobble straps (a) (b) (c) (d), which are applied 
by buckling around pasterns. These straps are felt or soft 




Fig. 93. Munich Hobbles. 

leather lined, and each of them carry a "D" metal ring (h) 
(g) {^)- The wearing end of the main rope is leather covered 
and attached to the ''D" ring of master hobble (h). This rope 
may be attached by loop (g), as shown in the small illustration. 
Attachment to master hobble ring by the latter method makes 
the main rope (i) easy to remove. 

Matthias' Hobbles With Safety Lock. 

Figure 94 represents the hobbles of Matthias. These hob- 
bles are supplied with safety lock (d). They consist of four 
heavy doubled and stitched hobble straps, felt or soft leather 



86 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



lined, and are attached to hobble ring (c) by means of a loop 
(b). They attach to pastern by buckling. The hobble rings 
are metal and heavy, and of a special design. The ring (c) 





Fig. 94. Matthias' Hobbles witli Safety Lock. 

of the master hobble is attached to the main chain (e) by a 
safety lock (d). The safety lock makes their removal con- 
venient. 

Conkey's Self-Locking Buckle Hobbles. 

Figure 95 represents the self-locking buckle hobbles of 
Conkey. These hobbles were designed by Professer L. L. Con- 
key and are now very extensively used by veterinarians through- 
out the world. The principle and most attractive feature of 
this hobble is the self -locking buckle device (e). These hobbles 
consist of four double and stitched hobble straps (a) (b) (c) 
(g). These hobble straps fasten around the pasterns by means 
of strong buckles. In three of these straps is a metal "D," 
which carries the main hobble chain (f). This chain itself 
is 4 feet long and is continued by 6 feet of %-inch rope. The 
object of this chain is to lock in the flat split spring-tongue of 
the buckle (e) which is attached to the master hobble strap 
(g). One end of the chain is also attached by means of a thumb 
screw (d) to this master hobble. To release the animal this 
thumb screw (d) is removed. The Conkey master hobble strap, 



HOBBLES. 



87 




Fig. 95. Conkey's Self-Locking Buckle Hobbles. 

lock buckle, and chain can be used with many designs of hobble 
straps. The following illustrated hobble straps can be used in 
conjunction with the Conkey lock-buckle: Figures 84, 85, 86, 
87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94; also the hobble straps from the 
English and Berlin hobbles. 




Fig. 96. Berlin Hobbles. 



88 EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Berlin Hobbles. 

The Berlin hobbles, Figure 96, consist of four leather hob- 
ble straps 2 inches wide, doubled and stitched. Each of these 
straps (b) carry a buckle and a metal ''D," through which the 
main hobble roj)e (g) (h) passes. The hobble straps are lined 
with felt or soft leather and are attached around pasterns by 
buckling. To the master hobble is attached a strong chain (e). 




Fig. 97. Berlin Hobbles Applied. 



This chain is 4 feet long. At its end a %-inch rope (g) is 
attached. The part of the rope which comes in contact with 
the "D" of the hobble strap is covered with leather. This 
leather covering prevents wear on rope. The Berlin hobbles 
applied is shown in Figure 97. A hobble strap is placed on 
each pastern. The king hobble strap is to be placed on near 
fore leg (a). The rope is carried from the near fore to the 



HOBBLES. 



89 



near hind leg (f ) ; then across to off hind leg (e) ; thence to off 
fore leg (b) and back through "D" ring of near fore (a). For 
further instructions, see directions for casting and securing a 
horse, with hobbles. 




Fig. 98. Casting with Berlin Hobbles and Plate-longe. 

Figure 98 illustrates the Berlin hobbles applied and used 
in connection with the plate-longe or "unbalancing strap," 
applied by a loop over the near elbow. By use of plate-longe 
the animal can be cast upon a mat or mattress. 



Stuttgart MetJiod. 

In casting and restraining a horse by the Stuttgart method 
(old style), Figure 99, two ropes %^-inch in diameter and 18 
feet long are necessary. A loop is placed in one end of each 
rope. If it is desired to cast horse on near side one rope is 



90 



KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



looped around near fore pastern (d) ; an ordinary hobble strap 
is placed around near hind pastern (b). On the off side the 
rope is looped around off hind pastern (c) and the hobble strap 
is placed on off fore pastern. The rope from the near side is 
then passed through the hobble ring on the off hind pastern. 
The end of the other rope is then passed through the hobble 
ring on the off fore pastern. The ropes are now crossed, the 




Fig. 99. Stuttgart Hobbles (old style). 



one from the near leg to remain under the one from the off leg. 
Two men should pull on the same rope backwards and two 
pull on the other rope forwards. One assistant should be in 
charge of the head and another in charge of the tail. When the 
horse is cast it can be secured in the ordinary manner in several 
desirable positions. 

Figure 100 represents the Stuttgart hobbles with surcingle 
(k) applied. The surcingle is for the purpose of aiding in 



HOBBLES. 



91 




Fig. 100. Stuttgart Method of Casting a Horse. 




Fig. 101. Stuttgart Hobbies Showing Piate-longe or Unbalancing 
Rope in Use. 



92 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 102. Stuttgart Method of Casting a Horse as IVlodified by 
Von Chelchowski. 



securing after horse is cast. Otherwise hobble arrangement 
is the same as that of Figure 99. 

Figure 101 represents Stuttgart hobble, surcingle (i) and 
plate-longe or "unbalancing strap" (h) apj)lied, ready for cast- 
ing. 

Figure 102 represents the Stuttgart hobbles as modified by 
Von Chelchowski. It will be observed that the hobble and rope 
arrangement here is the same as that of Figures 99, 100 and 
101, with the exception of the free end of the oif rope (e), 
which passes from off hind pastern to and through "D" ring 
(f ) on surcingle. When the horse is cast the off hind and near 
forefoot are drawn near "D" ring of surcingle, as shown in 
Figure 103. 



HOBBLES. 



93 




Fig. 103. Horse Cast and Secured with Stuttgart Hobbies, 

Etujlisli Hobbles Impr-oved. 

Figure 104 represents the improved English hobbles. These 
hobbles are probably more universally used than any yet de- 
vised. They consist of four hobble straps (h) (i) (f) (g), a 
chain, and a rope. The hobble straps are heavy and strong, 
being 3 inches wide and doubled and stitched. They are in two 
sections ; one section carries a small metal "D" at one end and 




Fig. 104. Improved English Hobbies. 



94 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



buckle tongue holes at the other end. The other section carries 
a large metal "D" at on end and a heavy buckle at the other end. 
The hobble strap is made smaller or larger by the buckle. This 
renders it adjustable to any size pastern. When once fitted to 
the pastern the hobble strap is applied by slipping the small '^D" 
of one' end through the large "D" of the other end. These 
smaller ^'D's" carry the main chain. The main chain is 4 feet 




Fig. 105. Improved English Hobbles Applied. 



long and attached to small "D" of the master hobble strap by 
means of a thumb screw. To the other end of chain a %-inch 
rope 20 feet long is attached. 

Figure 105 shows the hobbles applied. It will be observed 
that if the horse is to be cast on the off side the master hobble 
is applied to pastern of near fore leg (a). Then pass chain 
(E) and rope (H) through "D" of near hind leg (B) ; then 
across to "D" of off hind leg (c) ; thence forward (G) to off fore 



HOBBLES. 



95 




Fig. 106. Horse Ready to Cast with Improved English Hobbles and 
Plate-Ionge or "Unbalancing Strap" Around Forearm. 




Fig. 107. The English Hobbles Applied, Together with Bernardot and 

Buttel's Apparatus; Also Piate-longe or Unbalancing Strap 

Around Fore Arm. 



96 



KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



leg (D) ; then across to and through "D" of near fore leg. To 
cast the horse traction is made on free end of rope (F). See 
directions for casting a horse with hobbles. 

Figure 106 represents a horse ready to be cast with im- 
proved English hobbles, and plate-longe or "unbalancing strap" 
applied to near fore arm. 

Figure 107 represents a horse ready to be cast with the im- 
proved English hobbles, used in connection with Bernardot and 




Fig. 108. Trasbot's Method of Casting with Three Hobble Straps and 
Knee Strap (English Hobble). 



Buttel's apparatus for preventing broken back, and the plate- 
longe or "unbalancing strap" applied around off fore arm. 

Figure 108 represents the method suggested by Trasbot for 
casting nervous or vicious animals with the English hobbles. It 
will be observed that the near forefoot is secured by Trasbot's 
knee strap (g). (See Knee Straps, Figure 29.) Only three 
hobble straps are used (g) (b) (f). The master hobble strap 
(c) is placed on near hind pastern; then pass chain (d) to off 



HOBBLES. 



97 



fore (f) ; thence backward (c) to off hind; then across to and 
through ''D" of the master hobble strap (g). The plate-longe 
is looped around the animal (h). Traction is made on free end 
of main rope (e). It is claimed by Trasbot that an animal thus 
cast struggles less than when cast by the ordinary method. 

"Farmer' Miles' Method of Casting a Colt. 

Figure 109 represents the Miles colt hobbles applied (first 
position). The hobbles of Miles consist of four hobble ropes. 




Fig. 109. Miles' Colt Hobbles Applied — First Position. 



These are of the loop variety. The material used in making 
the loops may be either rawhide (plaited), Figure 87; leather, 
Figure 88, or rope, Figure 86. These hobbles are each from 15 
to 18 inches long and are applied by looping. The main rope 
is %-inch, cotton, and 18 feet long. Upon one end is a 2-inch 
metal ''D." This main rope is also used as the master hobble. 



98 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 110. Miles' Colt Hobbles (Second Position). 

It will be observed that there is one hobble rope on each hind 
pastern, and two hobble ropes on off fore leg — one around pas- 
tern and the other below the knee. The main rope is applied 
around pastern of foreleg (a). It is now passed across through 
hobble ring on near fore pastern (b) ; then backward to near 
hind (d) ; thence across to off hind (e) and back to hobble ring 
(c) below near knee. The object of this arrangement of the 
ropes (two hobbles on near fore leg) is that when traction is 
made on free end of main rope (f) the near fore foot is raised 
or lifted off the ground. This in itself unbalances an animal 
and puts it to a decided disadvantage, besides by lifting the near 
fore foot the animal will go down on the shoulder of that side 
and will in all probability receive an easy fall. The animal 




"l^^V^^ 



Fig. 111. Miles' Method of Securing a Colt (Third Position). 



HOBBLES. 99 

is cast as illustrated in Figure 110 (second position), and se- 
cured by taking two or more half hitches with the main rope 
around uppermost hind pastern. This is done by an assistant. 
The operator stands opposite the assistant and behind the ani- 
mal and is handed the main rope (g) by the assistant (after 
it is fixed about upper hind pastern). The rope is carried over 
the loins and under the horse ; thence to the lower hind pastern. 
Now by rolling horse on his back, Figure 111 (third position), 
and making downward pressure on the hind feet, at the same 
time drawing the rope tight by upward pull the hocks are flexed 
and all four feet brought down close to the abdomen. 

The Miles method affords us a light, portable, strong, con- 
venient, safe, and in every respect an efficient and satisfactory 
means of casting and securing the colt or even the horse. The 
colt is held balanced in the dorsal position by an assistant on 
each side. 

Secuehstg the House in Special Positions when Cast with 

Hobbles. 

Oftentimes after an animal is cast it becomes necessary to 
release one or more feet in order to re-secure them in some 
other or different position. By so doing, parts are rendered 
more accessible for operations of different kinds and in different 
locations, besides the restraint oftentimes is more perfect and 
secure. Upon the subject of "Special Positions," Moller, Liau- 
tard and Dollar have each contributed interesting as well as 
valuable descriptions. They are at the present time our best 
authorities on this important subject. 

To restrain an animal in a special position after being cast 
with any of the ordinary hobbles, we may use either leather 
or rawhide straps, ro])e — preferably cotton rope on account of 
its softness and flexibility, or webbing. Moller's method of 
securing the legs to a board is useful in many instances. The 
board should be l^/o inches thick and 5 inches wide. It should 
be well padded and supplied with a curved iron handle. The 
cross hobbles, Figures 81 and 82, and cross bar hobbles. Figure 
83, are very useful in retaining the legs in special positions. 



lOO RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Figure 112 represents the near fore arm (e) secured to the 
near thigh (j) by means of webbing. The off fore leg (a) is 
released from the hobble strap and fixed to the board (b) by 
wrapping with a web strap according to Moller's method. The 
near fore leg and both hind legs remain in the hobble straps (f ). 




Fig. 112. Near Fore Arm Secured to Near Thigh and Off Fore Leg to 

Board (Molier). 

Figure 113 represents the near hind leg secured to the near 
fore arm by means of the web strap. The off hind leg is re- 
leased from the hobble strap and fixed to board (b) by means 
of another web strap (c). 




Fig. 113. Securing Off Hind Leg to Plank and' Near Fore and Near 
Hind Legs to Each Other (iVIoller). 



HOBBLES. lOI 

Figure 114 represents Dollar's method of fixing the hind leg 
by drawing it forward. The off hind leg is released from the 
hobble strap and the webbing applied by looping around pastern. 
The webbing (c) is carried over the withers, beneath the neck, 
over front of chest, over the fore arm (d), and thence back- 




1- -1 

Fig. 114. Dollar's Method of Drawing the Hind Leg Forward. 



ward (b) from below, upwards back of the tendon Achilles. 
Make sufficient traction on free end of web strap (e) to draw 
the leg in position sho^vn in Figure 115. It will be observed 
that the off hind leg is well extended by tension above hock (a) 
and that the foot (c) is securely fixed behind the elbow. 




Fig. 115. Hind Leg Drawn Forward Ready for Operation (Dollar). 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 116. Berlin Method of Drawing the Hind Leg Forward. 

Another method of securing a horse in this position is by 
the Berlin method, shown in Figure 116. 

Still another method of extending and drawing the hind leg 
forward is that of Liautard, Figure 117. The webbing is looped 




Fig. 117. Liautard's Method of Drawing the Hind Leg Forward. 



HOBBLES. 



103 



above the ankle (b), then carried forward over the withers 
(c) under the neck, across the chest, over shoulder (d) and 
back to and under hind leg above hock (f). Extend the leg by 
making traction on free end of rope (g). 

Dollar's method of securing the hind leg to the fore leg on 
the same side, Figure 118, is by releasing the hind leg from 




Fig. 118. Dollar's Method of Securing the Hind Leg to the Fore Leg 
on the Same Side. 



the hobble strap ; then loop the webbing around leg above the 
hock (e) ; pass it forward between fore legs near the breast (d) ; 
thence under the shoulder to opposite side, where it is held by 
an assistant. The hind and fore legs are at this time crossed be- 
low the knee of one and below the hock of the other. They are 
to be held together in this position by another piece of webbing 
forming figure "8." 

Liautard's method of securing the hind leg to the fore leg 
on the same side, Figure 119, is by allowing all four legs to 
remain in the hobble straps. Loop the plate-longe or web strap 
around the fore leg below the knee ; from there it is carried 



I04 



EESTEAINT OF, DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 119. Liautard's Method of Securing the Hind Leg to the Fore Leg 
on the Same Side. 




Fig. 120. Dollar's IVlethod of Securing the Lower Hind to the Upper 

Fore Leg. 



HOBBLES. 



105 



backward to, and from above, downward around hind leg above 
hock; thence forward to elbow; then around fore arm. Make 
traction from free end of the rope. 

Figure 120 represents Dollar's method of securing the lower 
hind to the upper fore leg. The lower hind leg is released from 
the hobble strap. The plate-longe or webbing is looped around 
the leg above the hock. It is then carried forward between the 
fore legs, in front of the breast, under the neck and out on the 
opposite side, in which position it is held by an assistant. The 
legs are secured where they cross (f ) by means of another strap. 
To make it more stationary and secure a hock twitch may be 




Fig. 121. Liautard Method of Securing Off Fore to Off Hind Leg. 



applied around both hocks (b). To fix the near fore to near hind 
leg, Figure 121, it is necessary to loop the plate-longe or web- 
bing around at the middle third of the metacarpal region. Then 
the leg is drawn up and placed across the hind leg above hock. 
They are secured here by tying in shape of figure "8." 

Figure 122 represents the Berlin method of restraining a 
horse in the dorsal position after casting. The hind and fore 
leg of each side must be fixed together (b) (d), this is done with 
either webbing, rope or leather. With a running noose in the 
end of strap a loop is made around hind fetlock; then by two 



io6 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 122. Berlin Metliod of Restraining an Animal in the Dorsal 

Position. 



or more lialf hitches the hind fetlock and fore fetlock are fas- 
tened together. The animal is now rolled on to its back. If 
more restraint is desired it may be readily obtained by looping 
a strap or rope just above the fetlock on near side ; then carry 
it downward nnder the back thence upward to fetlock of off side. 




Fig. 123. Vienna Method of Restraining a Horse in the Dorsal Position. 



HOBBLES. 107 

The legs and feet can now be drawn down close to the abdomen, 
which affords ample restraint. 

Figure 123 represents the method used in Vienna for re- 
straining a horse in the dorsal position. It is similar in all re- 
spects to the Berlin method, Figure 122, with the exception that 




Fig. 124. Pulley and Short Chain for Holding Ho^'"ses on the Back 
(English Hobbles). 

a broad back strap (a) is used instead of the webbing or rope. 
This back strap (a) is 8 to 10 inches wide and made of leather. 
In each end is a large metal triangle. To apply this back strap 
(a) the horse is lifted by the tail until the back strap can be 
slipped under. Then by webbing or leather straps around and 



lo8 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

above the fetlocks (b) and through the end triangles the legs can 
be drawn down against the abdomen to the desired position. 

Figure 124 represents another method of restraint in the 
dorsal position. The animal is cast and secured with English 
hobbles, then by means of a short chain and pulley the animal 
is raised to and held in the dorsal position. It is possible for 
only two men to confine a large and strong animal by this 
method. 

For another method of securing an animal in the dorsal 
position, see Figure 111. 



CHAPTEK 11. 

Casting and Securing Harness and Kopes. 

Casting and restraining the horse by use of harness, ropes 
or other methods — aside from hobbles and operating tables — 
will surely test the skill and dexterity of the surgeon in the effi- 
ciency of his restraint technique. It is by means of the 
various designs of securing harness and ropes that most of the 
"special positions" of the animal are obtained. Special posi- 
tions are necessary in order to perform certain surgical opera- 
tions. 

Restraint by use of casting harness and ropes means re- 
straint in its broadest sense. With these special appliances we 
are enabled to render the animal absolutely motionless and at 
the same time harmless. When thus properly restrained the ani- 
mal is entirely at our mercy, and we can with safety and con- 
fidence proceed with whatever operation we wish to undertake. 

Casting and securing harness, and rope methods, vary much 
in their "make-up." They not only vary in different countries 
but in different sections of the same country. The original de- 
signs are constantly being modified by different practitioners. 

Knots Used in Restraint for Fixing the Various Ropes, 
Cords and Straps. 

In order to properly fix or secure ropes, 
cords or straps, the surgeon should know 
the formation of the different varieties of 
knots used for this purpose. 

Figure 125 represents the Gramy knot. 
The formation of this knot is somewhat 
Fig 125. The Gramy tedious and complicated ; however, when 
Knot. once formed or applied it will not slip. 




RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Figure 126 illustrates the double 
hitch or "Clove hitch" knot. This 
knot is made by forming two loops 
and throwing them together. This is 
one of the principal knots used in 
recumbent restraint with casting har- 
ness and ropes. The half hitch Jcnot 
so often mentioned and used is sim- 
ply a part of this double hitch knot 
and is very simple in its formation. 

Figure 127 represents the true 
lovers' knot. This is a knot which 
is simple in its formation; however, 
on account of its liability to slip or 
become untied, it is of doubtful value in restraint technique. 




Fig. 126. Double Hitch Knot. 





Fig. 127. True Lovers' Knot. 



sssssssssssssssssssssss^ 



^''SSSSSSSBSSSi 



Fig. 128. Slip Bow Knot. 



FigTire 128 represents the slip bow knot. This knot is 
easily and quickly made and can be conveniently untied by 
making traction on one of its free ends. 




Fig. 129. Slip Knot or Loop. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



Figure 129 represents the slip knot or loop. This loop is 
very extensively used in restraint work. So long as traction 
is made on the free end of this loop there is no liability of its 
slipping. Besides the above, there are ring knots, stopping 
knots, surgeon's knot, etc. 

Hock Twitch. 

After the animal is cast and restrained by most of the cast- 
ing harness and rope methods it oftentimes becomes necessary 

to supplement this restraint by 
applying the hock twitch, Fig- 
ure 130. This twitch consists 
of a heavy rope with a loop in 
each end to carry the stick by 
which the twitch rope is tight- 
ened around the leg. This ap- 
pliance limits the leg move- 
ment. The hock twitch is applied about 4 inches above the 
hock. 

Figure 131 represents Petersen's hock 
joint flexing and fixing apparatus for 
bending and holding the hind leg in the 
flexed position. This apparatus consists 
of two heavy leather straps attached to a 
specially designed metal center piece. The 
metal is placed against and in the flexure 
of the hock. One of the straps is attached 
around the leg above the hock and the 
other below the hock. 

Figure 132 illustrates one of Dollar's 
modes of fixing the fore and hind legs 




Hock Twitch. 




together after an animal is cast. 



Fig. 131. Petersen's 
Hock Joint Flexing 
and Fixing Appa- 
ratus. 



Knee Straps. 

In order to properly throw an animal with casting harness 
it often becomes necessary to first restrain one fore leg by using 
some form of knee strap. Sometimes, or with some forms of 
casting apparatus, it becomes necessary after casting to apply 



112 RESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

the knee strap in order to complete the restraint. These can 
be applied to one or both fore legs to a good advantage, thus 




Fig. 132. Dollar's Method of Fixing the Fore and Hind Legs Together 

After Casting. 




Fig. 133. Author's 
Knee Strap. 



Fig. 134. Trasbot's Fig. 135. Hess' Knee 
Knee Strap. Strap. 



insuring most perfect restraint. The various forms of knee 
straps have already been described under head of "restraint of 
one fore leg," hence it is unnecessary to again describe them. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



"3 




Magner's Surcingle 
and Strap. 



Fig. 136. Fixing Fore Leg Flexed 
With Rope. 



Conkey's Casting and Securing Harness. 

The Conkey casting and securing harness, Figure 138, 
affords us a safe and secure means of restraint. The strap parts 
are of rawhide, carrying heavy metal buckles and rings. The 
ropes are best grade sisal. All parts are adjustable. It will be 
observed that the animal is mostly cast with the hobbles, and 
secured after casting wnth the harness. 



Directions for Casting and Restraining ivith Conkey's Harness. 

First apply the hood (A). This is done by laying it on 
the withers and gently drawing it up over the head until it 
comes in place, then instruct yoiy assistant (1) to hold the 
head straight with the body and well up as shown in Figure 



114 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 



138 ; should the animal exhibit a restless disposition and con- 
tinue to move about after applying the hood, jou are to apply 
a twitch to the nose, which is to be held by assistant (1), who 
must not allow the animal to move forward under any cir- 
cumstances. You will now proceed to adjust the harness by 
placing loin strap (B), back strap (C), belly girth (E) and 
breast strap (F) as shown in Figure 138. You will notice that 
breast strap (F) comes below the sternum and against the arm 
of front legs to prevent choking. Xow buckle the short pastern 




Fig. 138. Conkey's Casting and Securing Harness Applied. 



strap (Gr) to the right hind pastern, Dee in front and buckle 
outside, then take side rope (H), pass it through the Dee (G) 
from right to left, carry it up to the side ring, passing it from 
left to right, and carry it back across the hips, handing it to 
assistant JSTo. 2, who should stand close behind, facing the 
animal and a little to the left. 

The operator (3) will now proceed to buckle the other 
pastern strap (1) to the left hind pastern, Dee in front and 
buckle inside, now pass the side rope (J) through the Dee 
(1) from right to left, then up to and through side ring froiii 
left to right, or outside in, then carry it through under the belly 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. II5 

dropping it in a convenient place, or you may give it into the 
hands of a bystander until you are ready for it. 

The operator will now take three hobbles, the one having the 
chain buckle he will fasten to the near hind leg, buckle inside 
or to the right and just below the pastern strap (I), then 
buckle the other two hobbles (K) and (L) to the fore pastern, 
Dees behind and buckles to the right, now pass the chain rope 
from right to left through the right Dee (K) and the left Dee 
(L) carrying it back to the chain buckle and pass it from left 
to right through the chain buckle and carry it forward so that 
the operator will stand just in front and about 3 feet to the 
right of the animal as shown in the cut (138). 

If a third assistant (J) is employed, which may be done 
with good results, he is to stand 3 feet behind and between ISTo. 
1 and the operator. He will at the word "pvll," pull just 
enough to keep rope (J) tight until the horse drops, the operator 
managing the chain rope alone. As the horse drops, the opera- 
tor will first see that the chain buckle has clasped the chain, 
then take rope (J) from his assistant (J) and proceed a.s if 
alone. 

Do not pull a pound until the word "pull" is given, then 
you are to pull your rope across the hip until the horse drops on 
the left side, pulling hard enough to draw the foot up to, or 
near the side ring to which the rope is attached, and keep it 
there at all hazards. 

The operator (3) will now take a firm hold of chain rope 
and a moderate hold of rope (J), he will now instruct assistant 
(1) to step the horse backward, and (above all do not allow 
the horse to take one step forward as he might trip and fall 
on his head, causing severe injury) push until he falls over 
on his left side. As the horse lifts his near hind foot the oper- 
ator will give a quick pull on the chain rope, drawing the hind 
leg up to the front legs, where it is held by the self-locking 
chain buckle, at the same time shouting pull. Seeing that the 
chain buckle is secure, the operator turns his attention to the 
rope (1), holding it firm enough to prevent the harness from 
turning on the horse while assistant (2) draws the off foot up 
near the ring, giving his rope one turn around the foot, holding 



ii6 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



it there until the operator unbuckles the chain buckle hobble 
from the hind leg, securing the leg by winding the rope around 
the foot, then back around the hock, describing a figure 8, as 
shown in Figure 139 ; give the rope several turns quite tight to 
prevent its slipping and make it fast ; now proceed to secure the 
off hind leg in the same manner. Unbuckle the off front hobble 
(K), take knee strap (M), give it one turn around the pastern, 
then up around the arm, flexing the leg as shown in Figure 139 ; 
then unbuckle the near hobble (L), flex and bind the leg in 



•^i^- 




Fig. 139. Conkey's Casting and Securing Harness — Animal Cast and 

Secured. 



the same manner; now instruct assistant (1) to hold the head 
as follows : Place your knee on the horse's shoulder, your right 
foot so that the leg comes against the horse's back; with your 
left hand grasp the halter or hood while the right hand is to 
grasp the rope at some convenient point near the hind foot, 
holding the animal in the position shown by the cut. Assistant 
(2) will grasp the hock, lifting the leg a little upward and you 
have the animal in the most desirable position that it is possible 
to gain. 

In releasing the animal, remove the knee straps first ; then 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND EOPES. 



117 



release the lower hind leg and then the upper one; unbuckle 
the belly girth (E), then breast strap (F), and lastly remove 
the operating hood and assist the animal to rise. 

W. F. Knoiules Casting and Securing Harness. 

The casting and securing harness illustrated in Figure 140 
were designed by W. F. Knowles. These harness are made in 




Fig. 140. W. F. Knowles' Casting and Securing Harness — Applied. 



large and small sizes. The large size fits horses weighing 900 
pounds or more, and small size harness fits those of smaller size. 
This apparatus is light, compact, and convenient to carry. 
When properly used it affords ample restraint for all ordinary 
purposes. It consists of a flat webbing collar, two main ropes 
and two hobble straps. The collar is in two sections (h) (g) ; 
each section is connected on each side of the horse by heavy 



ii8 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



double rings (e), one of which is of special design (i) to afford 
easy passage of the two main ropes (d) (c). The ropes (d) 

(c) are each %-inch in diameter and 20 feet long. One end is 
securely fastened into the inner ring (e) of the webbing breast 
collar. Around each pastern (a) (b) is placed a webbing 
hobble (j). In each end of this webbing hobble is fixed a 
specially constructed metal rounded ''D" (K) (K) through 
which the ropes pass. To apply this harness the breast collar 
is placed over the head and adjusted to the shoulders. One 
section fits over the withers (h) and the other section is dropped 
down below point of shoulders (g). The free end of the ropes 

(d) (c) passes downward to and through each '^D" of webbing 
hobble; then upward to and through ''D" (e) of breast collar. 
If desired to cast horse on off side, the oft" fore foot is to be 
raised and secured by some form of knee strap. The free end 
of main rope on near side should be carried backward over back 
and held by two assistants. The free end of main rope (f) on 
off side should be carried forward, well in front of the animal 
and there held by two assistants. To cast the animal traction 
is made on each rope and at the same time the animal is forced 
backward a step by assistant in charge of the head. The head 
is pulled to the right, and the animal is cast on off side. After 
being cast the animal may be secured by two methods. 



'VVC^t) 




Fig. 141. Animal Cast and' Secured with W. F. Knowles' Casting 
Harness by Crossed Rope Metliod. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



119 



Figure 141 represents animal secured bj the crossed rope 
method. This tie is made by drawing the foot (c) forward; 
take a half hitch around pastern to fix rope; then pass rope 
down over back; then under horse and around hip (f) ; thence 
to pastern (c), where it is fixed by one or more half hitches. 
The knee strap is applied to near fore leg, after which turn 
animal over. The same procedure is gone through with on the 
opposite side, which secures the horse by crossing the ropes (i) 
in front, also on the back. A back rope may then be applied 
from crossed ropes behind to breast collar at withers. This pre- 
vents ropes from slipping off the hips. 




Fig. 142. Animal Cast and Secured witii W. F. Knowles' Harness by 
Half Hitches Above and Behind Hoci<. 

Figure 142 represents an animal cast and secured with W. 
F. Knowles' harness by half hitches above and behind hock (h) 
(g) ; these retain the hock in a flexed position which affords free 
access to the inguinal region. In securing by this method 
(Figure 142) no, back rope is required. 

Whitwell's Casting and Securing Harness. 

The Whitwell casting and securing harness. Figure 143, 
are similar in many respects to those of W. F. Knowles (Figure 



I20 EESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

140) ; the principal variation is in the breast collar. It will 
be observed that the breast collar of Whitwell's harness consists 
of an over-withers strap (k) attached on each side to metal 
blank buckles (b) ; those carry the adjustable rope (d) which 
completes the breast collar. This harness is applied and the 
animal cast and secured same as by using W. F. Knowles' 
harness (Figures 140, 141 and 142.) 




Fig. 143. Whitwell's Casting and Securing Harness. 



HuTburt's Casting and Securing Harness. 

The Hulburt casting and securing harness, Figure 144, 
consists of a very heavy and substantial body belt (f ) made of 
leather. This body belt is applied so that the four heavy metal 
"D's" (e) hang down under the chest. The body belt is pre- 
vented from slipping forward by a crupper. A rope rein (h) 
is fastened around lower jaw (j) and to body belt (i). This 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 121 

rein is used for controlling the head. A rope is looped around 
one hind pastern (a) and then carried forward (d) to and 
through one of the "D's" of body belt. One fore leg is fixed 
by means of a knee strap to one of the "D's" in the body belt ; 
this puts the horse on three legs, which places him at a dis- 
advantage while being cast by traction on free end of rope (c) 
at the same time head is drawn around to side. After casting, 
the other two legs are secured to "D" of body belt by means of 
hobbles and knee straps. 




Fig. 144. Hulburt's Casting and Securing Harness — Applied. 



G. W. Ziegler's Casting Harness. 

The casting harness of G.* W. Ziegler, Figure 145, consists 
of an over-withers strap which carries at each end a heavy metal 
ring (a) ; into this main ring another ring is fastened (b), also 
the girth rope, breast rope (j) and main casting rope (m). This 
casting rope is passed over the back, then downward (c) to and 
through hobble strap ring (d) of off hind pastern, thence upward 
and forward (f) to and through ring (b) on opposite side. 



122 KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

The same arrangement of ropes is made on the other side. One 
fore leg is flexed and fixed by using a knee strap. The animal 
is cast by making traction on free ends of main ropes (n). 




Fig. 145. G. W. Ziegler's Casting and Securing Harness. 



Danish Casting and Securing Harness. 

The original Danish method of casting has been modified in 
at least three instances. The authors of these three modifica- 
tions are Abilgaard, PfeifFer and Mathias. The original Danish 
casting harness, Figure 14G, consists of a body girth, breast 
strap, four hobble straps, and two main casting ropes. The 
body girth is heavy and strong. It carries a heavy "D" at 
bottom (e) and one at the top (h). The breast strap (i) is 
adjustable and is attached to body girth on each side of horse to 
prevent girth from slipping backward. A hobble strap is applied 
to each pastern. If it is desired to cast horse on near side one 
of the main ropes is attached to hobble strap ring of off fore leg 
(d) ; the rope is then passed across to and through hobble ring 
(c) of near fore leg; thence backward to and through hobble 
ring of near hind (b) ; then upward through "D" (e) of body 
girth. Traction is made from free end of rope (j). The other 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



123 



main rope begins at hobble ring of off hind ; then carry rope (g) 
upward to and through "D" (h) on top of the body girth. As 
will be observed by the use of this process, the casting is done 
by forcing the animal to flex his legs, followed by its slowly 
falling on the bed. The legs being tied up to the body, their 
extension is impossible; muscular contraction is limited, and 
excessive flexion of the vertebral column prevented. Besides 




Fig. 146. The Original Danisii Casting Harness. 

this, the complete flexion of the extremities allows full view 
and easy access to all regions, especially the inguinal. 

To cast the horse the head is held by an assistant; a pull 
made at the same time on the chain and on the rope bringing the 
legs together — the animal is cast. The chain is fixed in the 
usual way and the rope pulling near hind leg close to the body 
and towards the upper ring of the belt, is secured by half 
hitches around the coronet. 



124 EESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Danish Casting Harness as Modified hy Matthias. 

The casting harness, Figure 147, represents Matthias' modi- 
fication of the Danish casting harness. It is similar in all 
respects to the original Danish casting harness (Figure 146) 
with the exception of the breast collar. In the harness, as 
modified by Matthias, a martingale breast collar is substituted 
for the plain strap breast collar of the original. 




Fig. 147. Danish Casting Harness as Modified by Matthias. 

Danish Casting Harness as Modified hy Pfeiffer. 

Figure 148 represents Pfeiffer's modification of the Danish 
casting harness. This again is the same outfit as the original, 
with the exception of the breast collar. The collar of Pfeiffer 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 125 




Fig. 148. Danish Harness as Modified by Pfeiffer. 

is of leather and extra heavy. It is attached to the body girth 
by a strap (f) passing from lower margin of collar backward 
between the fore legs to lower margin of body girth (e). The 
rope and hobble strap arrangement is same as that of Figures 
145 and 146. 



Danish Casting and Securing Harness as Modified hy Ahil- 

gaard. 

Figure 149 represents Abilgaard's modification of the 
Danish casting harness, and consists of a heavy body girth 
which carries a strong metal "D" under the chest (f), three 
hobble straps and three ropes. The hobble straps are applied 
to both hind pasterns and near fore pastern in order to cast 
animal on the off side. One rope is attached to hobble ring of 
off hind ; then it is passed forward to hobble ring of near fore : 



126 



KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



thence upward to and through "D" of girth (f). Traction is 
made from free end of rope (C). Another rope starts from 
hobble ring (k) of near hind and passes upward (i) and for- 
ward over back (a). Traction is also made from free end of 
this rope (1). The third rope is used to flex and fix the oft" 
fore leg. This foot is raised and knee rope applied before 
casting. 




Fig. 149. Danish Casting and Securing Harness as IVIodified by 

Abilgaard. 



Bohard's Method of Casting \and Restraining a Horse With 

Ropes. 

The rope method of Rohard, Figure 150, is simple in its 
construction and convenient in its application. It is intended 
to be used in casting and restraining wild, nervous or vicious 
animals on occasions where sufiicient help for other methods 
is unavailable. A rope 25 feet long, furnished with a loop m 
end, is all that is necessary in making this appliance. To apply 
this rope and cast a horse an assistant holds the halter rein in 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



127 



one hand and the animal's ear in the other. If the horse is to 
be cast on the off side the operator stands on the near side oppo- 
site the horse's shoulder. About 8 feet from the other end of 
the rope a ring knot (a) is made; this forms the loop (n) (i) 
which is then placed over the horse's head and around base 
of neck in form of a collar. Below this ring a check or lock 
knot is made ; this latter knot holds the rope and prevents it 




Fig. 150. Rohard's Method of Casting a Horse with Ropes. 



from slipping. These knots reach near the point of shoulder. 
The other end of the rope is placed behind the fore arm below 
the elboWj then brought around the outer side of the near fore 
arm; thence in front of both fore arms (b) and lastly carried 
around the outer aspect of the off fore arm under the portion 
which has been passed around the back part. By the above 
arrangement we have the fore arms enclosed in the rope. This 
rope is then tightened by bringing the two fore legs closer 



128 



KESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



together. An assistant holds this rope arrangement in place 
while the operator passes the free end of the rope (d) under the 
body to and around the near hind pastern (f) ; then back to 
the withers (o) on the off side. The operator grasps free end 
of rope (o) by a firm hold, his body pressing at the same time 
against the horse's near shoulder. Then a gentle pull is made; 
at the same time lightly kick the horse's near hind foot to cause 
him to lift it ; continue pulling slack out of rope until leg is 
completely flexed and animal will sink and fall lightly upon the 
ground. The legs are then secured in the following manner: 
On the near hind leg the free end of rope is passed around 




Fig. 151. Rohard's Method of Securing a Horse After Casting. 



pastern but below the other part of rope proceeding from the 
fore leg, and there tied so that this pastern is secured by a double 
twitch knot. The remainder of the rope is carried up to the 
neck portion and hitched there. Then it is brought back to and 
around the off hind pastern and finally tied to the neck rope 
by a single knot. To effectually use this method much practice 
is required. The operator should constantly bear in mind the 
fact that the best results are obtained where the hind leg is 
pulled forward and completely flexed. 

Figure 151 represents a horse cast and restrained by the 
rope method of Rohard. Only one assistant is necessary in 
casting and securing a horse by this method. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



Hayes' Improvised CastiJig Ropes. 



129 



Tlie collar loop, Figure 152, of Hayes' improvised casting 
ropes consists of a rope loop (d) large enough to slip over the 
head and small enough to fit snugly around base of neck. Into 




Fig. 152. Collar Loop of Hayes' Improvised Casting Ropes. 

the knot (c) at base of this loop two Si/o-inch metal rings are 
fixed. To prevent these rings from slipping out of place another 
knot is made in rope behind them. This completes the collar 
loop of Hayes. 

Figure 153 represents Hayes' casting ropes applied. It will 
be observed that the loop is placed around the neck (d) with 




Fig. 153. Hayes' Improvised Casting Ropes Applied 



the knots and rings placed near the withers (c). There are 
two free ends of the ropes (i) (j) ; these are each 28 feet long. 
From the withers (c) these ropes are passed downward on each 



I30 



KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



side to and through rings of hobbles on each hind pastern (k) 
(h), thence upward (g) to and through the metal rings at 
withers (c). One fore foot is raised and fixed with a knee 
strap. The animal is then cast and secured in the ordinary 
manner. 

Dollar's Rope Method of Casting ivith Double Side Line. 

The double side line method of Dollar, Figure 154, consists 
of a %-inch rope 50 feet long. In the middle of this rope a loop 




Fig. 154. Dollar's Rope Method of Casting with Double Side Line. 



is made (h) large enough to fit around base of neck. The knot 
is placed against chest and each rope (d) (e) is passed down- 
ward to and around each hind pastern (k) (h) ; then upward 
through the neck loop (a). To cast the animal the free ends 
of the ropes are each held by two assistants. One of the fore 
feet (c) is lifted and held flexed by an assistant or secured by a 
knee strap. One of the main ropes is now pulled outward at 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



131 



right angles to tlie shoulder and the other backward. When 
traction is made on the ropes with them in this position it causes 
the animal to drop upon its hocks and finally upon the ground. 
A plate-longe or webbing "unbalancing strap" may be attached 
to surcingle to aid in unbalancing the animal. As soon as the 
animal falls to the ground the ropes are tightened and animal 
rolled on its back — dorsal position. The hind feet should be 
drawn down close to the abdomen and secured by one or more 
half hitches around each hind pastern. "Halter burns" can be 
avoided by first applying bandages around hind pasterns. It 
is advisable to use cotton rope when possible in casting and re- 
straining horses by this method. 



Lernherg Casting Ropes. 

Krolokow^ki's Lernberg casting and securing ropes, Figure 
155, consist of 65 feet of %-inch rope, two hobble straps, and a 




Lernberg Casting Ropes Applied — Krolokowski's. 



132 



KESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



short rope with which to fix the fore legs together. In center 
of main rope a neck loop is made. This loop should be large 
enough to fit around base of neck (g) (h). The knot is placed 
in front of breast (h). The fore pasterns should now be fixed 
together by means of a short cross rope or strap (a) (b). The 
main ropes should be carried downward under cross rope (a) 
(b), then backward to and through hobble strap rings on each 
hind pastern (d) (e) ; thence upward on each side of horse; 
then over the back (f). The horse is cast by making traction 
on free ends of main ropes (i) (j). It is secured after casting 
by two or more half hitches around each hind pastern. 



McDonald's Casting Ropes. 

The casting ropes of McDonald, Figure 156, consist of 
60 feet of %-inch rope. This rope is then doubled so that one 
free end will be 8 feet longer than its fellow on the opposite 
side. A neck loop (H) is made in this rope at its middle and 
placed over the head and around base of neck in the ordinary 




Fig. 156. McDonald's Casting Ropes — Horse Secured. 



CASTING AND SECUKING HARNESS AND ROPES. 133 

manner. The long end of the rope being placed on the side upon 
which we expect to cast the horse. Then cast him in the usual 
way. After being cast, the operator pulls the under rope back- 
ward under the withers and winds it two or three times around 
the upper fetlock. The rope is then passed down in front of 
the upper stifle (A), then backward and under the quarters, 
bringing it up on the outside of the opposite thigh (B) and 
around the front of the lower hind fetlock. The rope is now 
steadily and firmly pulled until the hind legs are well flexed; 
then it is wound twice around the lower hind fetlock, passed 
down in front of stifle (C), over the quarter to the opposite 
side; then upward on inside of the thigh (D). Now pull 
firm and wind rope twice around the upper hind fetlock and 
hand rope to an assistant to hold. The fore legs are flexed and 
secured by a knee rope or knee straps. 

It will be observed that when an animal is cast and secured 
by the rope method of McDonald the hind legs are intensely 
flexed and the feet (hind feet) are firmly and securely fastened 
to the horse's own hind quarters. 

Over's Double Side Line Casting Ropes. 

The double side line casting ropes of Over, Figure 157, con- 
sist of tw^o %-inch ropes. One rope is 20 feet long, the other 
one 25 feet long, and two hobble straps. Double the longer 
rope and at its middle make a loop to fit around base of neck, 
the knot being on the off side and loop near the withers (a). 
Pass the free end of the rope (e) through hobble strap ring on 
off hind, then upward (a) through the collar loop (b) ; then 
over the back where it is handed to an assistant (c). Attach 
the other rope by a loop around the near fore pastern (g) ; then 
pass its free end backward to and through hobble strap ring 
on near hind pastern (f). The rope should now be crossed 
over and brought outside the animal's off fore leg and there 
held by an assistant (h). This assistant should stand some- 
what in front of the horse and to the off side. To cast the 
animal the assistant in front makes traction on rope (h) ; this 
lifts the near hind foot off the ground and draws it forward 



134 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 157. Over's Double Side Line Casting Ropes Applied. 

and causes the horse to drop down on his near hind quarter 
and finally to the ground. The horse is secured after casting 
by placing a hobble strap on off fore pastern. The rope which 
has already been passed from near fore to near hind is now 
passed through hobble strap ring on off fore. By tightening 
this rope the two fore feet and near hind foot are brought 
together. In this position they are secured by two or more half 
hitches around one of the pasterns. The other rope is tight- 
ened until the off hind foot is pulled down near the abdomen. 
It is then and there fixed by tying to collar. 



Russian Method of Casting with Ropes. 

The Russian method of casting with ropes, Figure 158, is 
similar in many respects to that of Rohard, Figure 150. It 
(Russian) consists of a %-inch rope 25 feet long; at one end 
is a heavy metal ring 3 inches in diameter. If the horse is to 
be cast on the off side, the collar is made by simply looping the 
ring end of rope (h) around base of neck (d) (e). The free 
end of the rope (b) is carried downward to and around off hind 
pastern (a) ; then forward and upward (c) to and through 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



135 



ring (h). The operator now stands on the off side, the side 
upon which the animal is to fall, and makes traction on the 
halter rein (e) with one hand and free end of rope (g) with the 
other. This compels the horse to lie down. 




Fig. 158. Russian Method of Casting With Ropes. 



Ordinary Double Side Line Ropes. 

The rope used in casting and securing a horse by the ordi- 
nary double side line method. Figure 159, should be %-inch 
in diameter and 60 feet long. It is doubled and at its middle 
a collar or neck loop (k) (h) is made by tying a simple knot 
(h). This collar loop is placed around base of neck; the ropes 
are then passed do\ATiward between the fore legs, then backward 
(e) (f) to and around — from without inward — each hind pas- 
tern (a) (b) ; thence under the preceding rope in a crossed 



136 



KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 159. Ordinary Double Side Line Ropes Applied. 

position (c) (d) and back under collar loop (g). The horse is 
cast by making traction from behind on free ends of ropes (i) 
(j). If this method is used the hind pasterns should first be 
bandaged to prevent ''halter or rope burns." It is better to 
use an ordinary hobble strap on the hind pasterns and allow the 
two ropes of the double side line to pass through the hobble strap 




Fig. 160. Ordinary Double Side Line Ropes — Horse Cast and Secured. 



CASTING AND SECUKING HARNESS AND KOPES. 



137 



rings. Cast in the ordinary manner. After casting the animal 
can be secured by tightening main ropes until hind feet are 
drawn well forward and down close to the abdomen, Figure 
160. The ropes are now fixed by taking two or more half 
hitches around the hind pasterns ; then pass ropes over loins 
and under back and fix by half hitches over hind pasterns. 

Miles' Rope Method of Casting and Securing "Ridglings" 
( Cryptorchids. ) 

The rope method of casting and securing horses, as designed 
and used by "Farmer" Miles in his "Ridgling castration opera- 
tions," Figure 161, consists of a cotton rope % inches in 
diameter and 66 feet long. The rope is doubled and at its 
middle a collar or neck loop is made by tying a knot in the 
rope. This rope plays no part in casting the horse ; it is simply 




Fig. 161. Miles' Rope iVIethod of Casting and Securing a "Ridgiing." 

(First Position.) 



138 RESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

for restraint after casting. The casting is done with Miles' 
rope hobbles, Figures 86 and 109. To cast and secure a horse 
by ]\Iiles' method a suitable place is selected. The Miles twitch, 
Figure 5, is applied and tied up to side of halter, Figure 6. 
The halter rein is held by an assistant. The loop of the Miles 
casting ropes is then placed over the horse's head and around 
base of neck (u) (r), with knot (r) in front of breast. Both 
ropes are passed between the fore legs and backward (i) (j) — 
from within outward, around the hind legs above the hocks 
(m) ; then forward and upward (k) (1) through the collar 
loop (q). The free ends of the ropes (s) (t) are now handed 




Fig. 162. Miles' Rope Method of Casting and Securing a "Ridgling." 
(Second Position.) 

to two assistants who are instructed to keep all slack out of 
them, but not to pull a pound until after the horse is on the 
ground. The Miles rope hobbles are now applied. With the 
operator holding the tail the command is given and the horse 
is cast by two assistants making traction on free end of main 
hobble rope (a). After the horse is cast. Figure 162, the ropes 
are dropped from above the hocks (m) down to the hind pas- 
terns. The hobbles are now removed and the fore legs flexed 
and fixed by means of knee ropes or straps. Sufficient traction 
is now made on free ends of the main ropes to draw the hind 
feet well forward. The rope is now fixed by taking two or more 
half hitches around the near hind pastern, then carry rope over 



CASTING AND SECUKING HAENESS AND KOPES. 



139 



behind the horse in front of stifle (over the loins and under 
rump), and back behind the lower thigh; then across in front 
of scrotum (k). After drawing the rope tight and hind feet 
against abdomen, fix it around upper pastern (j) with two or 
three half hitches. The horse is now turned over and the same 
7nodas operandi proceeded with on the other side. 

It will be observed that the ropes are crossed both in front 
and behind. To prevent them from slipping off the hips a back 
rope may be applied. This back rope is attached to the crossed 
ropes behind hips and to the collar loop on top of neck in front. 
If it is desired to have' the legs stretched wider part the same 
can readily be done by inserting the Miles leg spreader between 
the hind feet. 




Fig. 163. Cowie's Casting and Securing Harness — Improved. 



140 EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Cowie's Casting and Securing Harness, Improved. 

The casting and securing harness of Cowie, Figure 163, 
is strong, safe and convenient. The chains (4) (5) prevent 
wear on the ropes, and the lock buckles (3) will not allow 
them to be drawn backward. It is therefore automatic in 




Fig. 164. Lewis' IVIodification of Cowie's Casting and Securing Harness. 



locking. The body girth (1) is made of leather and strong. 
This girth carries a lock buckle (3) on each side, also two 
''D's," to which the chains are attached. Over the loins is a 
heavy leather strap (2) for the purpose of fixing the hind legs 
in a flexed position after casting. This strap is prevented from 
slipping backward by its attachment (15) to the body girth. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 141 

Four hobble straps (6) (7) (8) (9) are used on casting by 
this method. To the end of each chain a 12-foot rope is at- 
tached. In casting the horse these ropes are carried from their 
attachment to the body girth to and through hobble strap rings 
(6) (7) on each hind pastern. Then forward (10) (11) to 
and through hobble strap rings on fore pasterns; thence up- 
ward to and through the lock buckles (3)- To cast the animal 
traction is made on free end of main ropes (12). This draws 
all the feet together and against the body girth and they are 
retained there by the action of the self-locking buckles on each 
side. After the horse is east the loin strap (2) is buckled at 
each end around each hind leg above the ankle. This holds 
the hind legs flexed and secure. 

Figure 164 represents Cowie's improved casting and secur- 
ing harness as modified by Lewis. The modification consists 
of a breast collar attached to body girth on each side of horse. 
This breast collar carries two buckles (16) into which the knee 
straps (not shown in the illustration) buckle. The knee straps 
are buckled around the leg above the ankles and answer the 
same purpose in front as the loin strap (2) do behind. The 
breast strap (17) prevents the body girth from slipping back- 
ward. 

"One Man" Methods of Casting and Securing a Horse. 

There are at least five good and reliable methods whereby 
one man is enabled to cast and secure a full grown horse with 
ease and safety. The methods referred to are the Russian, Gal- 
vayne, Gleason, Magner and Earey. 

Russian Method. 

The Russian method, Figure 165 (first position), is not 
intended to be used by a "tenderfoot." It requires courage, 
strength, alertness and practice. To cast by this method a 12- 
foot rope carrying a loop at one end is necessary. If the horse 
is to be cast on the near side the operator stands close to the 
horse on that side. Be sure and do not fall before the horse 
does. A loop is passed around the base of the neck. The free 



142 



RESTEAIISTT OF DOMESTIC A:N^IMALS. 



end of the rope is passed downward and around near hind 
pastern (d), then back to and through loop (a) in main rope. 
This rope is now held in the operator's right hand (c). The 
operator at this time is standing on the near side of the Horse; 




Fig. 165. First Positron Russi'an One iVIan Method of Casting and 
Securing a Horse. 

his right elbow is supported bv the horse's loins. The halter 
rein is grasped firmly and held in the left hand. By making 
traction on end of rope (c) the near hind foot is lifted off the 
gTOund and drawn somewhat to the off side, Figure 166. By 
traction on halter rein the head is drawn around to the shoulder ; 
then by pressing down with elbow on loins the horse is caused 
to drop down on his haunches, and later to lie down on the 
near side. Figure 167. If it is desired to secure the animal, the 
same can easily and quickly be done by first drawing the near 
hind leg well forward and fixing it there by tying main rope 
to collar rope, then carry the rope (e) back to and around 
off hind pastern, draw it forward and fix by tying to collar rope. 



CASTING AND SECUEING HARNESS AND KOPES. 143 




Fig. 166. Second Position Russian One Man Method of Casting and 
Securing a Horse. 




Fig. 167. Third Position Russian One Man Method of Casting and 
Securing a Horse. 



144 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Oalvayne's Method. 



Figure 



First apply a heavy halter, surcingle and crupper 
168 ; then pass a strap or rope through the side ring in the sur- 
cingle on the off side — that being the side upon which the horse 
is to fall ; the strap or rope is then passed under the fore arm 
of the off fore leg. Tie by a simple bow slip knot and draw it 
around so as to bring the bowknot on inside of fore arm and 
close to elbow. The object of this strap is to prevent the sur- 




Fig. 168. 



Galvayne's One Man Method of Casting and Securing a 
Horse — First Position. 



cingle from slipping around. ISTow fasten one end of the 
throwing rope to the second ring (b) ; from the front on the 
top of the surcingle pass the other end of rope through the near 
side cheek ring of halter ; then back to and through the foremost 
top ring of surcingle. Tie up the off fore leg by means of knee 
strap or rope until the heel touches the elbow (a). ITow you 
are ready to cast the animal. This is done by taking the halter 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. I45 




Fig. 169. Galvayne's One Man Method of Oasting and Securing a 
Horse — Second Position. 

rein in your right hand, pushing the animal's head away from 
you as far to his near side as possible, and at the same time 
take in the slack of the throwing rope (d) ; step back about 6 
feet and steadily draw the horse's head around against the sur- 
cingle and the animal will gradually lie down. Should the 




Fig. 170. Galvayne's One Man Method of Casting and Securing a 
Horse — Third Position. 



146 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



animal attempt to rear, slacken the throwing rope by a jerk with 
the left hand and pull on halter rein with the right hand, 
Figure 168. 

Figure 169 represents the horse cast ready to secure. To 
secure the horse, Figure 170, the double side-line ropes are 
used. Slip loop over head, down around base of neck; then 
carry ropes (a) between fore legs, back to and around hind pas- 
terns (e) (d) ; fix by a half hitch, then carry the ropes around 
and under animal. I^ow fix to the hind pasterns. The rope 
from near hind should be fixed to off hind and vice versa. 



Gleasons Method. 

A horse can be cast and secured by the method of Gleason 
with a halter and rein, a knee strap and a piece of rope 15 feet 
long. Figure 171 represents the horse ready to be cast (first 




Fig. 171. Gleason's One Man Method of Casting and Securing a 
Horse — First Position. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 147 




Fig. 172. Gleason's One Man Method of Casting and Securing a 
Horse — Second Position. 



^' »i 




Fig. 173. Gleason's One Man Method of Casting and Securing a 
Horse — Third Position. 



148 EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

position). It will be observed that the operator stands on the 
near side with his breast pressing firmly against thorax of 
horse. The halter rein (f) is held in right hand (e). The 
near fore leg is flexed and fixed by means of knee strap (d) 
(c). A loop in end of main rope is placed around off fore pas- 
tern; then passed upward (b) and held in right hand (h). The 
horse is now caused to move and the rope is tightened, which 
prevents extension of off fore leg and puts animal down on its 
knees, Figure 172. The head is now drawn around to side 
and the horse topples over flat-sided. Figure 173. By holding 
head (e) off the ground, and rope (c) tight, the animal is pre- 
vented from regaining its feet. If more restraint is desired the 
Tiobbles or casting harness can be applied and used for that 
purpose. 

Magner's Method. 

In order for one man to cast and secure a horse by the 
method of Magner, a special harness or "rig" is necessary. For 
this purpose Magner has designed a leather "rig," Figure 174, 
and an improvised rope one. Figure 175. They are similar in 
design and their result is the same. The only difference is in the 
material used. The surcingle of the leather rig should be 3 




Fig. 174 Magner's Leather Casting Rig. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



149 



inches wide, double and stitched, and long enough to apply 
around the horse. It is best to have a double-tongue buckle 
(i) made of wrought iron. To this surcingle is attached the 
back straps (e) (f) by means of rings (g) (h). To these back 
straps the crupper (c) (d) is attached by a heavy ring (a). To 
make the rope rig, Figure 1Y5, it is necessary to procure 18 
or 20 feet of %-inch rope. Make a simple loop about 3 inches 
long at one end (e) and double the rope about 3 feet from the 
loop. Pass over this double part a heavy ring 3 inches in 
diameter (g). Measure the distance from the tail to where 
the saddle of the harness fits; to this place bring the ring (g) 




Fig. 175. Magner's Rope Casting Rig. 



and fix it there by a simple knot with both ropes around it (h). 
ISText put the doubled portion of rope (a) (b) under the tail 
(c). ISTow twist this rope two or three times and bring the 
ring to its place, about 8 inches to the right of back. 

Figure 176 represents Magner's leather casting rig applied. 
Figure 177 represents the rope rig applied and in action. The 
near fore foot is raised and attached to body girth by Magner's 
knee strap, Figure 33. When using the rope crupper it is 
necessary to wrap same with some kind of soft cloth to prevent 
chafing, l^ext put on a strong halter with nose band well down 
on the nose and draw it up rather close, back of the jaw. ITow 
take a strong cord or small rope 20 feet in length and fasten one 



ISO 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 176. Magner's Leather Casting Rig Applied. 




Fig. 177. IViagner's Rope Casting Rig in Actioln. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



151 




Fig. 178. Magner's Leather Casting Rig in Action — Horse About Ready 

to go Down. 

end around the body girth just above the ring. Pass the other 
end from above down and over the halter strap behind the jaw, 
thence back to and through ring in body girth until all slack 
is taken up. The near fore foot is now tied up. 

In casting animals by this method it is advisable to have 
them on soft ground free from stone. Now being ready to cast 
the horse, step a little to the right and almost in front of it, 
with a firm grasp on the cord or rope make gentle traction until 
the head is drawn down and backward almost against breast, 
Figures 177 and 178. This unbalances the animal and causes 
it to fall by rolling over on its side. Figure 179 represents the 
horse cast with the rope rig. The head is held around to the 
side to prevent rising. 




Fig. 179. Magner's Rope Casting Rig — Horse Down and Head Drawn 
Back to Prevent Rising. 



152 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Rarey's Method. 



The method of Rarey, Figure 180, is similar in many re- 
spects to that of Gleason; the only difference is that Gleason 
applies the tripping rope to one fore foot and Rarey applies 
it to both the off fore and the off hind feet. In using Rarey's 
method a knee strap is applied to off fore leg and the foot 
raised against the elbow. A rope is then attached around near 




Fig. 180. Rarey's One Man Method of Casting a Horse. 



fore pastern (a) and another rope around near hind pastern 
(b). A surcingle carrying a ring (c) is applied and the two 
leg ropes are carried through this ring (c) and then upward 
over back. The operator stands on the off side, against the 
horse. The head is drawn around to the opposite side by 
means of halter rein; at the same time traction is made upon 
both ropes. This puts three legs "out of commission" and the 
horse falls. 



CASTING AND SECURING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



Restraint of Wild and Vicioiis Horses. 



153 



The practitioner of veterinary surgery oftentimes has occa- 
sion to subject and restrain wild and vicious horses — the kind 
that are often referred to as "bronchos." These animals kick 
behind and strike viciously in front. They are dangerous to 
man, and to subject and restrain them without receiving bodily 
injury requires considerable tact and skill. These animals are 
often too wild and vicious to even allow the operator to put a 
halter, bridle, or twitch on them, to say nothing of adjustment 
of hobbles and casting harness around their legs and feet. They 
must be cast without going in striking or kicking distance of 




Fig. 181. Lasso and Loop Rope Method of Casting a "Broncho" — First 

Position. 



them. There are several methods of doing this ; however, only 
three of them Avill here be illustrated and described. 

Figure 181 represents the lasso and rope method (first posi- 
tion) of casting a broncho. The lasso is cast and the horse 
caught by a loop around its neck (b). The lasso rope is then 
carried one or more times around a post or tree (b) (c). Of 
course during this time the horse is busy in his struggling efforts 
to get away ; however, no attention should be given to that part 
of the proposition. A loop (a) is made in the end of another 
rope and the horse allowed or forced to step into the loop with 



154 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 182. Lasso and Loop Rope Method of Casting a "Broncho" — Sec- 
ond Position. 



its fore feet, after which the loop is closed around the pasterns. 
Figure 182, by making quick and substantial traction on the 
free end (h) of rope. The horse will continue his efforts at 
resistance for a short while ; however, it will finally become 
unbalanced and fall flat-sided to the ground, with its head 
extended by traction on neck rope. Figure 183. If suffoca- 
tion is threatened the neck loop (d) may be relaxed. The hob- 
bles are now applied and the animal secured in the usual man- 
ner. 

Figure 184 represents the lasso method of casting a broncho. 
This method is used when a tree or post is not available. The 




Fig. 183. Lasso and Loop Rope Method of Casting a "Broncho" — Third 

Position. 



CASTING AND SECUKING HARNESS AND ROPES. 



155 




Fig. 184. Lasso Method of Casting a "Broncho." 




Fig. 185. Galvayne's One Man Method of Casting a "Broncho." 



156 EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

lasso is cast and the horse caught by a loop around the neck (a). 
The rope (b) is then wrapped two or more times around the 
fore legs below the knee (c) (d). This pulls the legs together. 
By traction (f ) on free end of rope (e) the horse is unbalanced 
and falls from the effects of its own efforts at resistance. 

Galvayne's ''One Man" Method of Casting a "Broncho." 

Figure 185 represents the method of Galvayne for casting 
a broncho by one man. A strong halter is applied and the halter 
strap (e) secured to a post or tree with a double hitch knot (f) 
so that it cannot slip up or down. Now jerk the looped end 
of the casting rope under the animal towards the near side. 
Take the other end of the rope, walk quietly around the back 
of the animal with it, and pass it through the loop, thus making 
a slip loop. Then pull the end of the rope (c) until the noose 
is reduced to a suitable size and jerk it quickly upward, around 
both hind legs above the hocks ; then draw the legs close together 
by making more traction on free end of rope (c). Stand on 
the near side, slightly to the rear, and continue to pull strongly. 
The horse will kick and otherwise resist at first, but will soon 
sit down upon its haunches and subsequently roll over on its 
side. The horse can now be secured with the casting rope, or 
hobbles may be applied for that purpose. 



CHAPTER III. 

OPERATING TABLES. 

As a means of restraint in the recumbent posture, the 
Equine Operating Table occupies an important position ; how- 
ever, the operating table, as with the stocks, as a means of 
restraint, has its advocates as well as its adversaries. Some 
prominent surgeons of this and other countries are flattering 
in their praise of the table, while other practitioners of equal 
prominence and like experience are severe in their condemna- 
tion of the table as a means of restraint. Many have con- 
demned all tables in general without subjecting even a single 
one of them to a fair and impartial trial. Others have con- 
demned all tables because one table in their hands chanced to 
be defective in design, hence iTnsatisfactory. Some practition- 
ers have even objected to the table because it is stationary and 
not sufficiently light or small to be carried with them from 
call to call. Another objection is the inconvenience or impossi- 
bility of jDutting some fractious or nervous animals on the table 
or because it cannot be used under all circumstances and condi- 
tions. They even dislike it because it occupies too much ^pace 
in the operating room, and requires two or more assistants to 
successfully handle a large and strong horse on account of the 
equine operating table not yet being a "one man" affair. 

The author being more or less acquainted and familiar with 
several different designs of operating tables, their advantages 
as well as their disadvantages, has no hesitancy in saying that 
the twentieth century practitioner of veterinary surgery cannot 
any longer afford to be influenced either by prejudice on the 
part of himself, or the adverse opinions of other people, to de- 
prive himself of the advantages afforded by a properly con- 
structed and modernly equipped equine operating table. Such 
tables are now manufactured and sold at reasonable prices, and 
their use and value to the surgeon should not be underestimated. 

Professor Louis A. Merillat says: "The greatest advantage 
of the operating table in this connection is the leisurely manner 



158 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

with which an operation may proceed without discomfort to 
the confined horse, and the decided freshness of the patient 
after the operation is over. The operating table does not often 
provoke exhausting struggles. With harness restraint the pa- 
tient is uncomfortable throughout, and it is essential to hurry 
the operation in order to shorten the duration of the confine- 
ment. The patient always arises more or less exhausted, even 
from short operations, while with the table two or even three 
hours confinement will leave no exhaustive effect. In short, the 
horse is much safer on the operating table than upon the floor 
secured with casting harness. From the standpoint of thor- 
oughness and exactness of the surgical technique, the table has 
both good and bad points. The operations are much cleaner. 
There are no flying particles from the litter and less dust in 
the operating place, and as the surgical field can be more se- 
curely tied there is much less danger of soiling the surgica' 
wound and a much better opportunity of accurately executing 
the various steps of the operation. The dissection, the hsemos- 
tasis, the suturing, and the dressing are greatly facilitated by 
the fixed state of the operating field." 

Professor W. L. Williams says: "We could not consistently 
continue the use of the table in daily work for a period of 
nine years, side by side with the various kinds of casting har- 
ness, following the exclusive use of the latter during seventeen 
years' experience, except it had for us some points of superior- 
ity in cases of sufficiently wide range of character to warrant 
its installation and retention. Having made this use of the 
table and after a long study of its practical working, with so 
many radical changes that we have virtually operated four or 
five different machines and studied them carefully, besides 
temporarily operated upon or observed the actual working of 
an equal number of others and borrowed therefrom and applied 
to our own each feature commending itself to us, it is inevita- 
ble that we should favor the one with which we are most fa- 
miliar." 

Professor John A. W. Dollar says : "The advances of anti- 
septic surgery and the invention of the new operating machine 
have placed in the hands of veterinary surgeons a means of over- 



OPERATING TABLES. 159 

coming obstacles hitherto regarded as insurmountable. Be- 
tween these two factors, however, an important difference ex- 
ists, inasmuch as while we all recognize with a fair degree of 
precision the requirements and capabilities of antiseptic sur- 
gery, it is impossible to accurately forecast the benefits to be 
obtained from a new means of controlling animals during op- 
eration. In important operations the disadvantages inherent 
to the old method not infrequently form a fatal bar to success, 
or even to experiment. While fully recognizing, therefore, the 
immense importance and possibilities of antiseptic surgery, I 
venture to predict for it an extended scope and greatly in- 
creased success in veterinary operations," since its application 
has been so greatly facilitated by the invention of this oper- 
ating table."* 

The first effort at devising an equine operating table was 
made by Hoerdt. This apparatus was crude in desigTi and 
cumbersome to handle, rendering it of doubtful value as a 
means of restraint. This machine or apparatus of Hoerdt was 
soon modified and improved by Fromage de Feurgre, Kersting, 
Owen and others, until at the present time equine operating 
tables as a means of restraint are in great demand, and are used 
by most of the prominent surgeons throughout the Avorld. 

In selecting an operating table we should carefully consider 
the following important facts and accept that apparatus Avhich 
possesses the most ])oints of excellence : 

1. Strength. — Any table to be satisfactory must be strong. 
The wood, ropes, chains and straps should all be double strength. 
One w^eak place in a single one of them subjects the operator 
pnd his assistants to liability of great bodily injury. 

2. Simplicity. — The design and construction should be as 
simple as possible. However, never sacrifice efficiency, ease of 
operation, strength and safety for simplicity or appearance. 
Complicated mechanical construction was for many years the 



* Author's Note — Professor Dollar refers here to the table orig- 
inated by Vinsot, later improved by Dollar. The "Dollar table" has, 
during recent years, been improved and perfected by the Bradwood 
Manufacturing Company, and is now known and sold in America as 
The Bradwood Equine Operating Table and Surgical Chair. 



l6o KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIJVIALS. 

foundation of most of the objectionable features of the equine 
operating table, but these have to a large extent been eliminated 
in the successful table of today. 

3. Ease of Operation. — A successful table never requires 
over three or four men to operate it — even when handling a 
large and strong horse. If more assistants are required, some- 
thing is wrong, either with the table or the operator. How- 
ever, as a general rule, we should beware of the tables that 
"can be lowered to the horizontal position by a small boy," as 
it is liable to require the combined strength of two or more 
full grown men to put the table again in the upright position 
and the animal onto its feet. A table should possess speed as 
well as strength. 

4. Thoroughness of Restraint. — A table should be so con- 
structed and equipped that the restraint is thorough. This 
places the operator in perfect control of his patient, which is 
in itself a decided advantage. 

5. Safety to the Patient. — A successful table should possess 
logical, safe and efficient means of placing the patient on the 
table as well as the same advantages for releasing it from the 
table. The best table is that one which reduces the danger in 
this respect to the smallest possible minimum. 

6. Accessibility of the Patient^ Especially the Field of Op- 
eration. — Tables should be so constructed that there is a min- 
imum amount of obstruction between the surgeon and the oper- 
ative field. The hinderance in this respect should be reduced 
as much as possible. This can be and is done by special table- 
top construction in the shape of "cut out" or removable center, 
removable head piece, cut out or indented sides, etc. 

7. Antisepsis and Asepsis. — The table should be so con- 
structed that its thorough cleansing and disinfection, when nec- 
essary, is possible. Sanitation is an important point of excel- 
lence in favor of any table. 

8. Special Positions. — The time has come when special posi- 
tions for special operations are necessary. A table should be 
so constructed that it affords the surgeon the widest possible 
range of means and methods of restraining the animal in special 
positions. 



OPEKATING TABLES. 



i6l 



Possible Accidents to Patient in the Use of the Oper- 
ating Table as a Means of Restraint. 

Abrasions and contusions about the head and bony points 
of the body occur from insufficient padding or imperfect re- 
straint. Or they may occur about coronets, pasterns and fet- 
locks from the hobble straps and chains. Fractures of one or 
more of the long bones sometimes take place. This is also liable 
to happen to some short bones, such as the phalanges and verte- 
brae; especially is this accident likely to occur in old horses or 
in those suffering from one or more of the various bone dis- 
eases, such as osteoporosis, rickets, etc. 

Sprain or rupture of tendons and muscles is not an infre- 
quent sequelae of operating table restraint. 

Dislocation of one or more of the important joints is an- 
other sequelae of no rare occurrence. 

Daviau's Operating Table. 

Daviau designed, made and used the first equine operating 
table of any practical value. The original apparatus of Daviau, 
Figures 186 and 187, was a large, hardwood, flat-top table, 
the top (a) being 6x8 feet. 




Fig. 186. Daviau's Operating Table, Upright Position, with Animal 

Secured. 



l62 



RESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The part coming in contact with the body and head of 
the horse was well padded, and the padding covered with heavy 
leather. Holes (b) (d) were made for passage of halter rein 
(b), neck strap (d), hobble ropes (p) (q), and body strap (n). 
The table top was equipped with body girths (e) (f) (g) and 
horizontal body breeching (m) and breast straps (o) ; also 
hobble straps (r) (s), and ropes by which the animal was sct 
cured. The supporting framework of this table was 21/0 feet 
high and consists of four strong legs with substantial braces and 
cross braces between them. The frame work so arranged that 




Fig. 187. Daviau's Operating Table, Horizontal Position, with Animal 
Secured Ready for Operation. 

when the table is lowered by means of the cog gears and crank 
it acts as a support to the table top. Figure 187 represents the 
table top lowered to the horizontal position, with a patient ready 
for operation. This illustrates the body girth and hobble strap 
arrangement; also shows the legs and frame work of the sup- 
porting platform. 

Daviau's Opeeating Table Improved. 

Finding by experimentation and practice that the original 
table possessed several objectionable features, viz., difficulty 
of applying and tightening the straps and girths, the inaccessi- 



OPERATING TABLES. 



163 




Fig. 188. Daviau's Table Improved, Upright Position, Back View. 




Fig. 189. Daviau's Table, Improved, Upright Position, Front View, 
Animal Secured Ready to Be Lowered. 



164 EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

bility of hobble ropes which were behind and underneath the 
table, etc., Daviau designed and made an improved table. Fig- 
ures 188 and 189. 

This latter table is quite satisfactory and is yet used in 
some parts of France and Germany. This improved table is 
much larger and more complicated than the original. Figure 
188 represents upright position, back view. It shows the 
manner by which the ropes, straps and girths are fastened ; also 
the mechanical construction of the raising and lowering device. 
Figure 189 represents the improved table, front view, upright 
position, with animal secured, ready to be lowered to the hori- 
zontal position. It will be observed that the body girths are 
considerably different from those of the original table. 

Cozier's Improved Equine Operating Table. 

The improved operating table of Cozier is simple in con- 
struction, neat in appearance, and said to be very satisfactory 
by those who have used it. Figure 190 represents front view of 
the table in upright position. This table is made from the 
best Puget Sound fir lumber. The top of the table (A) is about 
the usual size of veterinary operating tables, being seven feet 
wide by nine feet long. It is thoroughly padded and covered 
with canvas, paraffined and oiled, making it absolutely water- 
proof, and, as near as possible, aseptic. 

The planks are 2x12 inches, doweled together and bolted 
to 4x6 inch cross pieces on which the table turns. That portion 
of the surface (S) on which the feet of the animal are secured is 
covered with No. 18 galvanized sheet iron, amply protecting it 
from the kicks and cuts of shoes. The sheet iron, canvas and 
bindings are all nailed on with* galvanized nails, thus avoiding 
the action of rust, and adding much to the durability of the 
table. 

The table is amply supplied with hooks, body girths (k) 
(q) (r), and hobbles (K) (L) (m) (n) for securing the patient. 
The adjustability of the straps makes it an essentially reversible 
table. The hobbles tighten automatically after buckling on the 
patient's feet. Long body girths and cams are furnished only 



OPERATING TABLES. 



165 



on request. Otherwise the table is fitted with short body girths 
(k) (q) (r) and ropes (e) (j) (g) running through rings (b) 
(c) (d) at the end as shown in cut. Dr. Cozier prefers this 
method. By it very much of the dirt and water that accumu- 
lates on or around a table is kept from coming in contact with 
the operator or patient by way of the body girths. The table is 
furnished with three body girths and rings, three lifting ropes, 




L ~ ^ 

Fig. 190. Cozier's Improved Equine Operating Table, Front View. 

one two-ply oil tanned neck strap (h), one twenty-foot side line 
rope, hobble straps and irons for securing the frame to floor. 

Figure 191 represents rear view of the Cozier table. The 
frame (S) is built of 4x6 inch material fitted and bolted to- 
gether with joint bolts, thus allowing all parts of it to be kept 
thoroughly tight. The special feature of importance is the 
gearing (h) (t) (m), which is Dr. Cozier's own designing. It 
is unique for its strength and simplicity. The power is applied 
to the table top at two points simultaneously, doing away with 



i66 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 191. Cozier's Improved Equine Operating Table, Rear View- 
all lateral and racking motions, and is transmitted from tlie 
crank (K) to the lifting segments by means of a worm and 
worm wheel, thus forming a lock at all points of the arc through 
which the table turns. It is impossible, therefore, to move the 
table up or down without turning the crank. 



Hodgson and Magee's Equine Operating Table. 

The table. Figures 192, 193 and 194, was designed by Drs. 
Hodgson and Magee. It is simple in construction, with very 
little mechanism to get out of working order. The particular 
difference in this table and many others is the method of raising 
and loAvering it by means of block and tackle, which is anchored 
in selected positions suitable to make traction at certain angles 
in order to handle the hinged table top which rests upon a 
strongly constructed wooden frame or base. Another important 



OPERATI^STG TABLES. 



167 




Fig. 192. Hodgson & Magee's Table, Horizontal Position. 

difference between this and other tables, except the Kyle Bros, 
table, is the manner by which the hobble chains are tightened 
and rendered immovable. Figure 192 represents the table with 
its top (a) lowered to the horizontal position. It will be ob- 
served that the frame or base of the table is fixed securely to two 




Fig. 193. Hodgson & Magee's Table, Oblique Position, Side View. 



i68 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



flat pieces of wood (c) (d) which rest upon the floor. Between 
these two flat pieces of wood are two braces; the front one car- 
ries two rings (f) (e) into which the hobble chains fasten, and 
the rear one carries one ring (g) into which the lowering pulley 
is fastened. The table top is made of hardwood boards substan- 
tially fastened together. Through this top are holes to accommo- 
date the neck strap and hobble chains. A strong metal ring is 




Fig. 194. Hodgson & Magee's Table, Upright Position, Back View. 

attached on upper margin of table near its middle to accommo- 
date pulley rope. 

FigTire 193 represents an end view of the Hodgson & Magee 
table raised to its oblique position. This position affords the 
reader a comprehensive view of the strong wooden base or frame 
(e), also the arrangement of the body girths (f) and neck strap. 

Figure 194 represents a back view of the table top (a) raised 
to the upright position. It shows the legs and turn-buckles 



OPERATING TABLES. 169 

applied on each side to render the table stationary and solid; 
also the rope and pulley arrangement which may be described 
as follows: 

Directly below the middle of the superior border of the table 
on its posterior face are two heavy wrought iron rings (b). At 
the floor into the wooden cross brace or sill, another ring (c) 
is fixed. In the ceiling is another ring. This ceiling ring should 
be directly in line with the ring on table (b) and the one on 
the sill (c) at the floor. In handling this table two systems of 
pulleys and ropes are used. One pulley is attached into ring on 
ceiling and its rope to ring on the table top (b). Another pulley 
is attached to the ring on the sill (c) and its rope attached above 
to the lower ring on table top (b). These pulleys will allow 
the table to be raised and lowered with little difiiculty. On 
account of the hobble chains being stationary to the cross brace 
at the bottom, the hobble straps are automatically tightened and 
loosened when the table is lowered or raised. 

The Neiv York State Veterinary College Operating Table. 

The operating table which was recently installed by Dr. W. 
L. Williams, professor of surgery at the New York State Veteri- 
nary College, and known as "The ISTew York State Veterinary 
College Operating Table," is the result of the expense of much 
time, thought and labor, to say nothing of the financial outlay. 
A similar outfit has recently been manufactured by William 
Sellers & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., and installed at the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania (Veterinary Department) under the direc- 
tion of Dr. John W. Adams, Professor of Surgery at that school. 

This table, with that manufactured by the Bradwood Manu- 
facturing Company (to be described later), represents the result 
of the latest and most up-to-date thought yet applied to equine 
operating table construction. With such machines as these in 
the reach of the veterinary profession, little can be said and 
proven derogatory to the equine operating table as a practical, 
useful and necessary apparatus. About the sole argument against 
them is the one of price, and when we stop to consider their 
cost of construction, perfection and usefulness, the price is to be 
considered a weak argument indeed against their installation. 



I70 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

The New York State Veterinary Operating Table is made of 
metal, except those portions upon which the body of the animal 
rests. The frame work is built of steel channels and I-beams 
securely connected, making a rigid support for the oak and 
plate steel platform. The wooden portion of the platform is 
made in three pieces; a main section and two smaller inter- 
changeable square pieces. These may be entirely removed or 
placed in suitable positions for the head and tail ; that intended 
for the head being slightly inclined. 

Two heavy cast iron supports are provided, having their 
upper ends connected by hinged joints to the table, and upon 
these the table rocks from vertical to horizontal positions. The 
movement of the table from one plane to another is accomplished 
by a hydraulic cylinder, bolted to the foundation through a 
rocking joint, having its piston rod attached to the under side of 
the table frame ; by admitting water to either end of the cylintier 
the piston rod can be moved in or out and the table rocked to 
the desired position. When the table is horizontal it rests on two 
metal posts of suitable height, which, together with the two main 
standards, give four points of support whereby all tendency to 
vibration is eliminated. 

Figure 195 shows the table in an upright position ready for 
use. The animal stands close beside it. The halter strap is 
passed through a convenient aperature in the detachable head 
piece of the table and the head pulled against the surface, after 
which the strap is tied to cleats provided for the purpose. When 
this is done the girth-straps and foot nooses are tightened, the 
latter being accomplished by suitable ratchet windlasses on 
the under side of the platform. If required, the tail may be 
lashed to the detachable tail piece. 

When the animal is thoroughly secured, the table may be 
tilted over by the hydraulic cylinder until it lies horizontally, 
or, if desired, to any intermediate angle, where it may be sus- 
tained indefinitely. 

The cylinder is double acting, and so controlled by a valve 
as to be positively located in every position. Its action is 
smooth and free from all undesirable vibration. A small triplex 
pump driven by an electric motor provides the water supply. A 



OPEKATING TABLES. 



171 




Fig. 195. New York State Veterinary CoHege Table, Upright Position, 

Ready for Use. 



This illustration shows adjustability, of the head rests, the 
arrangement of body girths and ropes, the iron post which sup- 
ports the table Avhen in horizontal position, also heavy metal 
foot pieces at bottom of table. The head and tail rests are re- 



movable and interchangeable. 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 196. New York State Veterinary College Table in Horizontal 
Position, with Horse Secured to Table Ready for Operation. 



Observe the position of the body girths and rope, also the 
table resting firmly on the two metal posts. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



173 




Fig. 197. New York State Veterinsry College Table, Upright Position, 
with Horse Secured to It After Operation Prior to Being Released. 



To release the horse the hobble ropes are first removed from 
the feet. The neck strap is removed and halter rein slightly 
loosened, after which indnce the animal to stand on its feet, and 
lastly release body rope and girths. 



174 



EESTKAIXT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



IT 



g:- ir *^ m ■ " »- 



/^ 



B 



A 




f- r 





Fig. 198. The New York State Veterinary College Table, Front View, 
With Table in Upright Position- 

(A) Table surface of polished hard wood. 

(BB) Lower section of the table of heavy boiler plate iron. 

(C) Detachable central section composed of heavv boiler 
plate iron. 

(D) Securing straps or bands which act as a sling beneath 
the horse. 

(EE) Openings in the table through which the side line or 
longitudinal strap passes in confining the animal. 

(EF) Adjustable head pieces. The one on the right is 
placed at the highest point, while that on the left is attached 
lower to accommodate smaller sized animals. One of these is 
depressed as is shown in Figures 201, -202 and 203, while the 
other is direct. 

(HH) The foot pieces of heavy cast iron in each segment 
of which are two holes for the passage of the foot ropes as shown 
in Figure 201, These foot pieces are rounded and project above 
the general surface of the table sufficiently to have a space be- 
tween the lower part of the liml) and the table surface. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



175 




176 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 200. New York Stats Veterinary College Table, Rear View. 



(I) Tlio hj'dranlic jack by which the table is operated. The 
pump fi'din which the jack is worked is located along the wall of 
the room and connected by concealed pipes. 

(J) One of the pedestals upon which the table pivots. 

(L) One of two supports upon which the upper portion of 
the table rests when horizontal. The second support is not shown 
in the photogra]ih. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



177 




Fig. 201. New York State Vetsnnary College Table. 



Turned down to a horizontal position with the center piece 
removed and dropped npon the floor, and the fonr h)oped foot 
ropes in position in the foot pieces (HH). The lettering; is 
identical with Figure 198. Each foot rope is shown passing 
throngh a ratchet cylinder beneath the ta1)le. This cylinder is 
operated by means of a ratchet lever. 



178 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 202. New York State Veterinary College Table. 



In horizontal position with an animal secnred in position 
for operating for roaring. The depressed head piece is nsed and 
on either side of the head is placed a flange-like support (K), 
forming a sort of groove or trough in which the patient's head 
rests securely. The dorsal position of the animal is maintained 
by means of four over-head pulleys acting upon the feet. It is 
sho^\Ti that three assistants are in an available position for aiding 
on one side of the head and neck and an equal number may as 
readily approach the part from the opposite side, thus showing 
that it is freely approachable from any direction. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



179 



ailHiUl'i'" *« 





Fig. 203. New York State Veterinary College Table- 



In the same position as Figure 201, with a horse confined 
in position for cryptorchid castration. The depressed head piece 
is nsed so that the animal's nose is lower down than the poll, 
rendering chloroform anaesthesia more safe. The central piece 
is removed and the operator stands against the ventral snrface 
of the body of the animal between the anterior and posterior 
limbs. The right hind limb is drawn upward by means of two 
overhead pulleys and the right inguinal region is thoroughly 
opened. The posterior confining strap or girth marked (D), in 
Figure 198, has been released and dropped out of the way and 
the position of the patient made secure by fixing the tail to the 
upper border of the table. It w^ll be seen that the ventral sur- 
face of the body is at a convenient height for operating, with 
operator in standing position. 



i8o 



KESTfvAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




OPEEATING TABLES. 



iSi 




OPERATING TABLES. 183 

by-pass valve is provided so that when water is not being deliv- 
ered to the cylinder, and the pump still running, it passes back 
into the supply tank. 

Figure 196 shows the table in an horizontal position, with 
horse secured to table ready for operation. The middle section 
of the lower half of the table may be easily removed, permitting 
the operator to stand between the legs of the animal. 

Figure 197 shows the table in the vertical position, with a 
horse secured to it after the operation, prior to being released. 
The center section previously referred to is shown removed. 

As the head and tail extensions are removable and inter- 
changeable, the animal may be placed upon the table facing 
either way. 

The manipulation of the operating table may readily be 
accomplished by the surgeon and a reasonably competent assist- 
ant. 

Figure 198 represents the table in upright position — front 
view. To place an animal on this table the head is supplied 
with a strong halter to which is attached a 15 or 20-foot rein 
(rope). This rein is passed through the eye in the head piece 
of the table (F). The groom handling the rein can step entirely 
beyond reach of the animal and yet hold the head firmly fixed 
against the table. The fixation may be increased by carrying the 
halter rope back along the side of the patient and passing it 
through the table at ^^E," instead of the side strap for which 
this opening is made; by traction on this rope the animal's 
body is pressed firmly against the table. The horse is now in 
position where the operator can affix a hobble strap or rope to 
off fore pastern. This is passed through the opening ''H," 
and tied by an assistant to prevent the animal from rearing. 
The body girths can now be applied without danger to the 
operator. 

The table with the patient upon it can now be promptly 
brought to the horizontal position by means of the hydraulic 
pump, with the operator and assistants entirely out of reach 
of the animal in its struggles ; and once down the restraint can 
be completed without coming in striking reach of the horse. 

Figure 199 represents the table in upright position^ front 



I04 KESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

view, ready for reception of patient — hydraulic pump against 
wall to the left. 

Figure 200 represents the table, rear view. The hydraulic 
cylinder, or Jack I, supplies the power by which the table is 
raised and lowered. This is a strong and powerful apparatus 
and works automatically. The largest horse can be handled 
without any effort whatsoever upon the part of operator or his 
assistants. 

Figure 201 represents the table turned down in the hori- 
zontal position, with the center piece removed and dropped upon 
the floor, also the four looped hobble ropes in the metal 
foot pieces, H. H. These ropes each pass through a ratchet 
cylinder beneath the table. They are tightened by means of the 
ratchet lever. 

Special Positions. 

Animals are readily placed in special positions for certain 
operations on the New York State Veterinary College Table. 
Figure 202 represents the table in the horizontal position with 
the animal placed in the extended dorsal position by use of over- 
head pulleys. It will be observed that in this instance the animal 
is under chloroform anaesthesia ; the depressed head piece is 
used, and on either side of the head there are flange-like sup- 
ports (K). These hold the head stationary. This illustration 
also gives a comprehensive idea of the absence of obstruction 
between the animal and the surgeon and his assistants, or we 
might say the accessibility of the head and neck from the front 
and from either side. 

Figure 203 represents animal in position to afford free 
access to the scrotal and inguinal regions. On account of the 
central portion of the table being removed almost every part of 
the animal may be easily and readily approached by the surgeon. 

Special Metal Platform and Padded Becovery Stall. 

'No doubt every surgeon has experienced the worry and 
vexation of attending an anaesthetized patient after operation 
upon the table. To prevent them from producing self-inflicted 



OPERATING TABLES. 



185 



injuries or doing damage to the operating room and its equip- 
ment requires constant attention for a length of time varying 
from fifteen to forty-five minutes. To obviate this difiiculty, 
Prof. W. L. Williams has constructed a specially padded re- 
covery stall adjoining his operating room. The animal is simply 
slided from the table to the padded recovery stall by using a 
metal platform shown in Figures 204 and 205. When once 
the animal is in this stall it may be left alone to recover 
without injury to itself or trouble to the surgeon or his assistants. 



The Chicago Veteri7}ary College Operating Table. 

The operating table which is used at the Chicago Veterinary 
College is a flat top table. This table possesses several decided 




Fig. 206. Chicago Veterinary College Table, Upright Position, 
Front View. 



i86 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



advantages over some other tables of the same type. The Chi- 
cago Veterinary College table is a modification of the original 
Dyson table, the principal modification consisting in changing 
the gears from eight to sixteen turns of the crank to elevate or 
lower the table. This change increases the power by decreasing 
the speed ; however, with the present gears the table possesses 
ample speed, and one man can easily turn the crank even when 
a heavy horse is being handled. 

Figure 206 represents front view of Chicago Veterinary 
College table in the upright position, ready for reception of 
patient. The top of the table is made heavy and strong of hard 
wood. There are openings to accommodate hobble straps (e) 




Fig. 207. Chicago Veterinary College Table, Upright Position, 
Rear View. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



187 



(f) (g) (li) and neck strap (r) (p). The center (o) and sides 
(i) (j) are cut out to allow free access to the patient. The top 
is padded with oakum and covered with painted canvas. The 
body belts (1) (m) (n) are of 5-inch 5-ply cloth belting, and 
fasten by means of cam buckles near top of table. The four 
hobble straps (e) (f) (g) (h) are 3-ply harness leather of a 
good quality. These are connected to chains which are fixed 
stationary to the frame of table. This table is elevated and 
lowered by sixteen turns of the crank. All gearings are sub- 
stantial and extremely simple. 

Figure 207 represents the table in upright position, rear 
view. The frame (a) (b) is built heavy and strong, being sup- 
ported at each corner by a 4x6-inch post well braced in all direc- 
tions. On the end of the crank (c) is a worm-gearing by which 
the power is transmitted to the main cog gear (d). 

Figure 208 represents the table in horizontal position. 




Fig. 208. Chicago Veterinary College Table, Horizontal Position. 



Directions for Placing Patient on the Chicago Veterinary Col- 
lege Table. 

Raise table to upright position, then induce the horse to stand 
alongside table and near enough to strap body to it by means of 
body girths and hobble straps. To accomplish this the horse 
should be blindfolded. IN'ow, the halter rein should be passed 
through opening in the table and held by an assistant. The 



l88 EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC AWIMAL& 

foremost body girth should be brought around the animal and 
fastened. Then fasten the neck strap and the remaining two 
body girths. The hobble straps may now be placed around all 
four pasterns, after which re-tighten the halter rein, neck strap 
and body girths until horse is firmly against the table. The 
hindermost hobble straps — both fore and hind — must be buckled 
to pasterns of the outer legs. The coronet pastern and fetlock of 
outer hind leg should be protected from injury in struggling by 
wrapping with a bandage or heavy cloth. 

Now turn the table down to the horizontal position as rapidly 
as possible. 

To release the horse the hobble straps are removed first, then 
the twitch is removed, after which the neck strap and halter rein 
are loosened. The body girths are at this time loosened several 
inches. The table is then raised to the upright position. The 
head is still held with halter rein firmly against table. The 
blindfold should be removed as soon as animal is standing on 
its feet ; so are all other girths and straps released at this time. 

The Conkey Equine Operating Table. 

The table designed and used by Professor L. L. Conkey, 
Figure 209, is of the flat top variety. The top is of hard wood, 
padded and covered with painted canvas. Openings are made 
through the top to accommodate the halter and neck straps, also 
hobble chains. This table has the center and sides cut out to 
afford free access to the patient. It is equipped with two 




Fig. 209. Conkey's Equine Operating Table, Horizontal Position. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



strong body girths (f) (g). These are made of heavy cloth 
belting, four strong leather hobble straps (d) (e) (k) (1) at- 
tached to chains from the ratchet by which they are tightened by 
turning the crank (n). On either side of the table are two 
heavy iron cranks (b) (c) ; by turning one of these cranks to the 
left the table top is raised to upright position, and by turning 
the same crank to the right the table top is lowered to the hori- 
zontal position. By turning the other crank to the right the table 
top is reversed (turned upside down), placing the patient in the 
dorsal position ; and by turning the same crank to the left the 
table top is again brought to the horizontal position. The wide 
range of positions is an attractive feature of the Conkey table. 
Moreover, the table top rests upon a heavy metal base (a). This 
base is equipped with turn-table castings which enables the oper- 
ator to turn the table with the patient on it in any direction, 
with perfect ease. All the mechanical parts are enclosed in the 
metal base, which protects them from dust and dirt. 




J K 

Fig. 210. Price's Equine Operating Table. 



190 KESTBAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Price s Equine Opei'ating Table. 

The Price table, Figure 210, represents one of the earlier 
American designs of operating tables. The table top (a) is 
9x0 I/O feet, heavily padded, and covered with painted canvas. 
This top is made of hardwood planks two inches thick, tongued 
and grooved to match. The table top is equipped with three heavy 
canvas body girths (c) (d) (e) supplied with cam buckles, also 
four hobble straps (h) (g) (i) (f), with their accompanying 
cams aTid two neck straps. The chains are attached under the 
table to a ratchet and are tightened by turning the self-locking 
crank (j). The top is supported by a heavy stationary wooden 
frame (1). This frame is braced in all directions, and on that 
account is very substantial. The table top is lowered and raised 
by turning the crank (o) in the rear. 

Price's table is somewhat antiquated and very little used at 
the present time. 

Kyle Bros.' Combination, Equine Operating Table and Slocks. 

The table top of Kyle Bros, is made of 2-inch plank, covered 
with heavy canvas and upholstered. The table frame is made 
of 4x6-inch lumber and put together in a bracing manner and 
will never rack. 

Figure 211 represents the table in upright position, front 
and end view. 

Figure 212 represents the table, upright position, rear view. 

At the rear of the frame is situated a large master gear- 
wheel (f) 30 inches in diameter, with 3-inch face and 140 cogs, 
which is always in engagement with a small 3-inch gear-wheel 
on a winding shaft, which extends the full length of table so 
that cranks (a) (f) can be used at either or both ends of the 
table, operator always in position to watch the animal while 
tilting the table. On the rim of this master gear-wheel, at 
diametrically opposite points, are two cranks. To one of these 
is pivoted the lower end of a lever, and the upper end of this 
lever is pivoted into a pair of lugs, located at the rear edge of 
the tilting table. In the center of this lever are disc-like en- 
largements forming a hinge (c) provided at its front side with 



OPERATING TABLES. 



191 




Fig. 211. 



Kyle Bros. Operating Table, Upright Position, Front and 
End View. 



a radical slot, which lies in the path of the opposite free crank 
on master gear-wheel, and as this wheel turns around the free 
crank enters this slot in hinge and springs the hinge, which is so 
arranged as to grasp the crank, making it perfectly safe and a 
direct, quick and easy lift from the edge of the table. The 
platform is of 2-inch plank, 9 feet long and 21/0 feet Avide, well 
braced underneath with strong iron bars sw^ung with large 30- 
inch rods to a hinge shaft, and by long rods to each end of the 
table ; then by unhooking these chains the platform can be swung 
to its lower position while operating on the feet. Horse is lifted 



192 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 212. Kyle Bros. Operating Table, Upright Position, Rear View. 



by the feet instead of the girths, making it much easier on 
the animal. 

Figure 213 represents the table in upright position, with 
horse attached ready to be lowered to horizontal position. The 
stocks are not illustrated in cut ; however, they are made of 
4x6 lumber and are located in front of the table, the padded 
table raised perpendicularly answering as one side. The sills of 
stocks are attached to the ends of the sills of the table frame and 
extend forward to outer edge of platform where the posts are 
attached, which are 7 feet high, well braced from one to the 
other by a beam and at corners by strong bolts. 

Animals are forced into the stocks by a swinging (wooden) 
bar. This bar swings from either end and is operated by a rope 
attached to one end of the ratchet shaft. The girths and ratchet 
ropes are then applied, which prevents lying down or shifting 
about while making examinations of the mouth, drenching, 



OPERATING TABLES. 



193 



dressing teeth, or performing minor operations wiiere it is un- 
necessary to cast an animal ; also convenient in holding animals 
while applying girths and hobbles. 

When the stocks are added to table it is not necessary for 
the table to be bolted to the floor, and if mounted on castors it 
can be shifted to the light or to any part of the barn by the 
ratchet ropes and shafts. 

Located at each end of the table frame are two ratchet 
shafts, used in drawing stubborn horses up to table by the halter 
strap, and in forcing horse around against the table by passing 
a rope around it and onto one of the ratchet shafts, which is 
turned by a crank. This table is supplied with neck straps, 
girths, fastening for halter strap, and ropes; has four hobbles 
attached to heavy chains which work automatically, and is so 
arranged that the slack in the chains can be taken up to prevent 
them from being caught by the feet. 



Kr^'^TT'T'TTrrrr, 




Fig. 213. Kyle Bros. Table, Upright Position, Horse Secured Ready 
to Be Lowered to the Horizontal Position. 



194 



RESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The stocks are 8 feet high, but can be easily made lower if 
necessary. A table can be operated in a 10x12 stall, though 
12x12 is better. 

This table is also arranged for shoeing. A 5-inch plank can 
be easily removed at the bottom of the table, giving shoer access 
to the feet, while feet are held steady by ropes and the ratchet 
shafts. 

Directions for Operating the Table. 

If a kind, gentle horse, lead him up close to the padded 
side of the table, and if a stubborn horse, pull him up by means 
of the rope ratchet shaft and force him around to the table by 




dL e a, c b 

'Fig. 214. Kyle Bros. Operating Table, Horizontal Position, with 
Horse Confined Ready for Operation. 



the swinging bar of the stocks, or by the rope and ratchet shaft, 
then apply the girths and hobbles. Take up the slack in the 
hobble chains, then proceed to tilt the table. 

Figure 214 represents the table in horizontal position, with 
horse secured ready for operation. Observe the arrangement 
of the lash rope, body girths and hobble strap chains. 

The most attractive feature of the Kyle Bros, operating 
table is that it is possible for one man to confine and place a full 
grown horse in position for operation. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



195 



The German Equine Operating Table. 



The German table was designed and first used by Herr 
Trapp. It is of the rocker variety and is yet used to a limited 
extent throughout Germany for casting and confining oxen as 
well as horses. 




Fig. 215. German Equine Operating Table, Upright Position, Ready for 
Reception of Patient. 



Figure 215 represents the German equine operating table, 
upright position, ready for reception of patient. The table top 
(k), including head-board (j) and platform for the feet (a), 
is made of hardwood boards 2x4, arranged in slat fashion. To 
place an animal on this table the table itself is raised to the 
upright position. Figure 215. The animal is then led upon the 



196 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 216. German Equine Operating Table, with Horse Secured 
Ready for Operation. 

platform (a) alongside the table. The head is fixed to head- 
board by means of a rope or strong halter strap. The body is 
then fixed securely to table with lash ropes. The table is then 
rocked over to the horizontal position, Figure 216 ; then the feet 
are secured, after which the horse is ready for operation. 

Figure 217 represents the table in horizontal position. The 
platform or foot board is hinged to bottom of table. The head 




Fig. 217. German Equine Operating Table, Horizontal Position. 



OPERATING TABLES. 197 

piece is removable and interchangeable and can be placed on 
either side, depending upon whether the horse is to be placed 
on the table on its near or off side. 

This table is strong, well braced in all directions, light, 
cheap, and to a certain extent portable. 

Kansas City Veterinary College Rocker Operating Table. 

The ''Rocker Table," Figure 218, used at the Kansas City 
Veterinary College, is one of the flat-top variety. The top is 
made by wood pieces 2x6 inches, these being placed crosswise in 
slat fashion. These pieces are each padded and covered sepa- 
rately with painted canvas. The head piece is made in the same 



Fig. 218. Kansas City Veterinary College "Rocker Table." 

manner and is interchangeable from side to side to accommo- 
date each side of the horse. The top is equipped with eight 
hobble straps of special design ; also hobble strap chains 
and two canvas body girths. The hobble chains are tightened 
and fixed by means of a crank at the end of table. Two hobble 
straps are applied to each leg — one around pastern and the other 
above ankle. The body girths are tightened by means of ropes 
which attach behind the table when in upright position. The 
rockers are of solid wood and strong. The table is also supplied 
with a foot board which drops off as soon as table is lowered 
to horizontal position. 

To place a horse on this table the table itself is first raised 



198 RESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

to upright position. The animal's head is fixed to head piece 
by using the halter rein. The horse is now placed alongside the 
table, standing on the foot board or platform. The body girths 
are now placed around the body and fastened. The table, with 
horse attached to it, is now rocked or turned over to the hori- 
zontal position. The feet are then made fast by the hobble 
straps and the body girths are reinforced by a lash rope extend- 
ing alongside the horse and fastened at each end. The horse is 
now secured, ready for operation. To release the animal, first 
remove hobble straps, then the lash rope, after which raise table 
by means of a pulley and rope to the upright position. As soon 
as the animal's feet come in contact with the floor the trip is 
thrown, which releases the body girths instantly and allows the 
animal to regain its feet without difficulty. 

The Bradwood Humane Equine Revolving Operating Table 

and Chair. 

The fundamental principle of this invention belongs to M. 
Vinsot, of Chartres, in the form of Vinsot's Stocks, Figure 67. 
This apparatus of Vinsot, in the form of stocks, was later re- 
designed and shaped into an operating table by John A. W. 
Dollar, of London, and has long been known, manufactured 
and sold in England as the "Dollar table." Several years ago 
the apparatus of Dollar was brought to this country by Frank 
G. Atwood, who applied for and was granted a United States 
patent on same. Since that time the apparatus has been changed 
in several important mechanical respects under the direction of 
H. L. Bradley, and as nov/ manufactured and sold by the Brad- 
wood Manufacturing Company — from a surgical restraint view- 
point — it is probably the most perfect and desirable horse-hand- 
ling machine manufactured in the civilized world. The table of 
today weighs only one-half as much, but is twice as strong, as the 
table of five years ago. Instead of large and heavy castings, 
strong steel forgings are substituted. It can readily be con- 
verted into a surgical chair or stocks. The table itself is 9 feet 
high, 12 feet long, 3I/2 feet wide. It requires 9 feet to turn in. 
There should, of course, be an allowance of at least 2 feet on all 



OPERATING TABLES. 199 

sides to make the operating of it easy and convenient. This 
calls for a room 14x16 feet and 10 feet high. 

Some of the most attractive features of this table are the 
ease and convenience with which the surgeon may approach the 
patient by entering the table from the back side. This allows 
him a space of 10 feet long by 5 feet high to enter the table, 
whereas in all other tables it is necessary to enter from the side 
the feet are attached to. 

Another advantage is that of the table being used for a sur- 
gical chair after operations, as previously mentioned; and, 
lastly, the labor which it saves the veterinarian is a large item 
with the advantage of being able to turn it to the right or left 
or upside down. Its range of movement is far greater than 
that of other operating tables. If necessary the surgeon and one 
assistant can successfully secure a large horse for operation in 
this machine. 

Directions for Operating the Bradwood Table. 

When it is desired to secure an animal therein, one or more 
of the bars is freed from engagement with the ears of either 
of the end frames, and the horse or other animal is then led into 
the frame, after which the bars are secured into position. The 
sling is then properly disposed about the animal and the breast 
and breeching straps tightened. The hobbles are then secured 
around the ankles and the winding shaft is actuated to tighten 
the chain and thus securely hold the legs of the animal against 
movement. The winding shaft is next actuated through the 
mechanism explained to elevate the sling and lift the animal 
sufficiently to remove the feet from the ground. The 
animal being now in proper position to be thrown, the hand 
wheel is operated, and the table carrying the animal is swung 
either to the right or to the left and gradually lifts the feet of 
the animal from the ground, and at the same time the body 
will be caused to recline upon the cushion previously adjusted 
and positioned together with its auxiliary attachment, if neces- 
sary in the operation to be , performed. The stay chain will 
obstruct the movement of the cushion, and any tendency of the 



200 KESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

cushion to turn will be positively obstructed so that all danger 
of variation in the position of the animal will be obviated. 

Means will also be provided in connection with one or both 
of the end frames for attaching halter straps or other head har- 
ness and great care will be exercised in the formation of the 
several parts as to distances apart to overcome any tendency to 
injury of the animal during his retention within the table. It 
will also be understood that the animal may be either led or 
backed into the table, and after the operation has been per- 
formed the release of the animal is pursued reversely to the 
steps just described in securing him. 

One of the most essential features of the present invention 
is the mechanism for tilting the table to any position and hold- 
ing it locked after the desired adjustment has been obtained. 
As before indicated this table, together with the attachments 
therein, is adjustable either to the right or left and fully through 
a circular path. It is obvious that under the control of certain 
actuating mechanisms the table, especially after an animal has 
been placed and secured therein, would require considerable 
manual strength to throw or position the animal at the angle 
desired. Consequently it is imperative from a standpoint of 
facility of operation that the necessary concomitants of the 
mechanism for adjusting or operating a table of this class iare 
that they shall combine great strength, ease of operation, freedom 
from damage in use, and positiveness in holding the table at any 
required adjustment. Mechanism having the foregoing re- 
quirements in the present instance consists of a worm wheel 
secured to the pintle and held in constant mesh with a worm 
carried by a shaft having bearings in opposite brackets on tlie 
adjacent standard. The shaft is journalled in suitable ball 
bearings to reduce the friction in the operation of such shaft. 
When a horse is reclining upon either of the cushions, the lateral 
thrust against the threads of the worm will be excessive, and the 
provision of these ball-bearings reduces the resistance to move- 
ment of the shaft to a minimum. 

This invention relates to veterinary operating tables wherein 
a frame or holding means is movably disposed and fulcrumed 
between uprights or standard devices anchored to a base rest. 



1 



OPERATING TABLES. 20i 

The present form of table is equipped with attachments to facili- 
tate the arrangement of the animal in any desired position for 
performing surgical and shoeing operations. In positioning the 
table carrying the animal, the labor incident to such operation 
is reduced to a minimum, and after the required adjustment 
has been obtained the possible movement of the table as well 
as injury to or bodily movement of the animal is prevented. 
Furthermore, the table is of such open construction that an 
operator or surgeon may enter any part thereof from either side 
or end close to the body of the animal, to easily and conveniently 
perform the necessary operation. The improved table is mov- 
able in a complete circle and has readily operated mechanism 
for throwing a horse over on either side, downwardly at an angle 
with the hoofs up, or fully over with the back do.wn and the legs 
and hoofs in a vertical position. The table in the present in- 
stance is also supplied with readily adjustable auxiliary sup- 
porting attachments which in part are specially cushioned and 
padded to serve as rests for different portions of the body of the 
animal, and easily movable from one position to another with 
respect to the opposite ends and sides of the table to accommo- 
date the position of the animal and assist in the performance of 
surgical operations. One of these attachments is specially useful 
in holding the head and neck of an animal during the admin- 
istration of an anaesthetic, or one limb for special treatment or 
operation. A part or all of the attachments may be used in the 
table, and in addition to a sling of ordinary form included in the 
complement of attachments and having a freely movable securing 
means, other supporting harness or straps may be introduced, 
particularly when the table is so arranged that the legs and 
hoofs of the animal are turned up in vertical position. These 
additional supporting straps will be used in this instance to re- 
move the weight strain from the legs of the animal, which under 
ordinary conditions are secured and firmly held against move- 
ment by hobbles attached to a part of the table. The possibility 
of introducing different kinds of harness or straps within the 
table is an important advantage, and is due to the open structure 
of the several parts of the table and the adjustability and re- 
movability of other auxiliaries. 



202 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

It will be observed that the operator has free access to any 
or all parts of the animal without removing the patient from 
the table. This is of the greatest importance, on account of the 
danger to the operator, his attendants, and patient. 

The following half-tone illustrations from original photo- 
graphs will give the reader a comprehensive idea of the range 
of usefulness of this machine: 



OPERATING TABLES. 



203 




Fig. 219. Bradwood Operating Table in Upright Position Ready 
for Reception of the Patient. 



It will be observed that this apparatus can be u?ed for stocks. 
For operations in the standing posture the horse can be placed 
either forward or backward by shifting the iron loops on the 
overhead lengthwise beam. By this arrangement operations on 
posterior parts of animal can be performed with ease and safety. 



204 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 220. Bradwood Operating Table Open for Reception of Patient, 

Illustrating Manner in Which the Slings Are Applied, also 

Both Side Pads on Table for Double Operation. 



By this arrangement the operator is enabled to operate upon 
one fore or hind leg, or one side of the body, and immediately 
turn the other side in position for examination or operation 
without releasing the patient. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



205 




Fig. 221. Bradwood Operating Table, Side View, Illustrating Method 
of Removing Patient from Apparatus After Operation. 



2o6 



B^STKAZ^X o. BOM..ST,o A„„,,,. 







OPERATING TABLES. 



207 




Fig. 223. Bradwood Operating Table. 



The horse is backed into the table and secured in the 
usual manner. The table is then tilted slightly to the right, 
thus placing the animal in proper position for eye, head, mouth 
and poll operations. It demonstrates how easily the surgeon 
can pass out from the back side and back again when necessary. 
The amount of space for passage depends upon the angle of 
elevation of the table. 



208 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




I E 

> 

re !t 



o 






o — 
Q. ™ 



re re 



OPERATING TABLES. 



209 




Fig. 225. Bradwood Operating Table, Horse in Dorsal Position for 

Roaring Operation, and Others Where the Dorsal Position Is 

Desirable. 



To place a horse in this position it is necessary to set the 
overhead iron loops back one or two notches. This places the 
horse entirely inside the machine, so that it can be turned com- 
pletely over. 



KESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 226. Bradwood Operating Table, Horizontal Position, Legs Fixed 
in Position for Operation on Near Hind. 



OPERATING TABLES. 




Q. 
O 



iZ 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANi:\rALS. 




V.T 



^ <D 

H Z 



TO ti 
I- <U 



(0 ^ 

o ro 
Q. _l 



o <o 



I c 



2 Q. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



213 




Z -1 



Q. c 



XO 



_ M- 



■^ Q- 



2X4 



RESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 230. Bradwood Operating Table, Horizontal Position. 



This shows position which the surgeon can take in per- 
forming foot and leg operations. In entering the table for such 
an operation the surgeon enters from the back side and not from 
the side on which the feet are attached to the chain. This allows 
a space for the surgeon to enter 10 feet long by 4-% feet high. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



215 




Fig. 231. Bnadwood Operating Table, Horizontal Position. 



The animal placed for operation on the feet. The hobbles 
oan readily be removed and the leg to be operated on attached 
to chain bracket, which holds the same firmly in the position 
reqnired, as the bracket is adjustable and allow the surgeon to 
stand outside the table with the leg held backward or forward 
as the case demands. 



PART III. 



Restraint of the Ox. 



PART III. 

Restraint of the Ox. 

The object of restraint of the ox is to protect the operator 
against personal injuries as a result of kicking as well as goring. 
We alsp apply means of restraint for the purpose of immobil- 
izing the animal sufficiently for examination and operation. 
The character and thoroughness of the restraint depends entirely 
upon the location, magnitude and painfulness of the operation 
to be . undertaken. It also depends to a certain extent upon the 
size, strength, and physical condition of the individual animal 
and the number and ability of the surgeon's assistants. In 
many instances, partial restraint in the standing posture will 
suffice, while at other times complete restraint in the recumbent 
posture becomes imperative. As a rule, little can be accom- 
plished by gentleness and kindness in controlling animals of the 
bovine species. Time may be saved and much vexation avoided 
by proceeding at once with whatever restraint method it has been 
decided to use. The ox is extremely susceptible to pain, and has 
a tendency to actively resist as soon as a pain of any character 
is inflicted, hence the necessity of prompt and efficient restraint. 



, CHAPTER I. 

EESTEAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 

On account of the anatomical conformation and tempera- 
ment of the ox, the modes of restraint in the standing posture 
vary greatly from those made use of in restraint of the horse in 
the standing position. 

Restnaint of the Head. 

The simplest method of restraining or controlling the head 
is to firmly grasp the lower extremity of the septum nasi (a) 
between the thumb and index finger of one hand, and the horn 
(b) with the other hand, Figure 232. By a tight grasp in the 
nose most cattle are subdued sufficiently for examination and 
minor operation. Grasping the nose of the ox causes pain and 



i 




Fig. 232. 



Restraint by Grasping Septum Nasi with One Hand an/d 
Horn with the Other Hand. 



KESTKAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 221 

detracts to a certain degree the animal's attention from the seat 
of operation. The nose grip, either by hand or by the nose 
clamp, has the same effect, from a restraint viewpoint, on the 
ox as the twitch does on the horse. 

Nose Clamp. 

There are several designs of nose clamps; all of them are 
made of metal, and when applied, all produce the same effect. 
They are useful implements of subjection and restraint, and 
should be applied whenever the ox is to be secured either for the 
purpose of examination or operation. The nose clamp is useful 
in the recumbent as well as in the standing posture. The fol- 
lowing illustrations will afford the reader a comprehensive idea 
of the different designs of nose clamps now in universal use : 




Fig. 233. American Nose Clamp 
with Sliding Mtetal Keeper. 




Fig. 234. American Nose Clamp 
With Rope. 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 235. , Nose Clamp with Spring 
and Keeper. 




Fig. 236. IVIodified English Nose 
Clamp with Keeper. 




Fig. 237. Modified English Nose 
Clamp with Sliding Metal Keeper. 




Fig. 238. German Nose Clamp with 
Sliding Ring Keeper. 



KESTKAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 



223 




Fig. 239. Italian Nose Clamp with Set Screw Keeper. 

Yigans Controlling Apparatus. 

The controlling apparatus of Vigan, Figure 240, affords us 
an efficient and safe method of immobolizing the head. It con- 
sists of a pole of sufficient length to reach from the withers to a 
point about twelve inches beyond the muzzle. At one end of 
this pole is an iron staple (d) through which passes a strong 
surcingle (e). The pole is then fixed between the horns by 
means of a rope or strap (c). The distal end of the pole 
carries an iron prolongation, about twelve inches from the end 
of which is a hook (b). This hook is to be inserted into the 




Fig. 240. Vigan's Controlling Apparatus. 



224 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

nose ring. On the end of this iron prolongation is a large ring 
bj which the head is controlled by one hand (a). This appa- 
ratus is. positive and severe in its action, and the most vicious 
animals are quickly subdued and controlled by its application. 

Securing ihe Head to a Post or Tree. 

Another simple method of securing the head, Figure 241, is 
by looping or tying a rope around base of horns (a), after which 




Fig. 241. Head Secured to Post. 



the animal is forced in close proximity to a strong post (C) or 
tree around which the free end of the rope is fixed (B) by a 
simple knot. 

Figure 242 illustrates a desirable method of restraining 
the head by means of a rope looped around base of horns (a), 
after which it is carried around the ear (e) (c) in a half-hitch 
fashion. Restraint is secured by tightening the rope by 
traction on its free end (b) ; this causes severe pain, and the 
animal quickly responds. 



EESTKAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 



225 




Fig. 242. Restraining tlie Head by Rope 
Around Base of Horns and Ear. 



Leavitt's Head Holder. 

The head holder of H. W. Leavitt, Figure 243, is intended 
to be used in connection with a chute or stocks which were 
designed by the same inventor. The head is thrust through the 
opening; the lever is then" drawn over against the side of the 
neck and secured there by means of an iron pin thrust through 
a hole behind it. The rope is then dropped down over top of 
neck and tightened by means of a self-locking ratchet and 
windlass. 




Fig. 243. Leavitt's Head Holder. 



226 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Head Tied to Post, and Tail Through Opening Between 
Slats of Gate. 

ri^ire 244 represents a simple, quick and effecfiial method 
of securing cattle in the standing posture for "spaying" and 
other surgical operations. A rope is looped around base of 
horns (a) ; the head is then drawn near the gate post, around 




Fig. 244. Animal Secured by Head Tied to Post and Tail Held 
Tlirough Opening Between Slats of Gate. 

which the rope is fixed by tying (b). The tail is then passed 
through opening between the gate slats above the animal (c) 
and there firmly held by an assistant. This "tail hold" pre- 
vents the animal from either turning around or lying down. 

Bestraining the Fore Legs. 

The fore legs of the ox are restrained in many instances by 
means of knee straps of the same designs as those used in re- 
straining the horse. Figures 245, 246 and 247 illustrate knee 
straps of satisfactory design : 



KESTRAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 227 




^ 




Fig. 245. Hess' Knee Fig. 246. Author's 
Strap. Knee Strap. 



Fig. 247. Trasbot's 
Knee Strap. 




Fig. 248. Restraint of One Hind Leg. 



228 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Restraining One Hind Leg. 

The simplest method of restraining one hind leg is by means 
of passing the tail between the legs, then forward and around 
in front of hind leg above the hock, in which position it is held 
firmly by a backward pull, Figure 248. If the animal attempts 
to kick or move, traction on the tail will cause pain and prevent 
such movement. 

Hock Twitch, 

The hock twitch, Figure 249, is an excellent appliance by 
Avhich one hind leg may be restrained to prevent kicking. The 
rope of this twitch is placed around the leg above the hock; a 




Hock Twitch. 



stick is then thrust through the loops in each end of the rope. 
The rope is then twisted until the tendo- Achilles is pressed down 
in contact with the posterior face of the leg. This prohibits the 
animal from kicking or raising the leg. 




Fig. 250. Hess' Method of Restraining One Hind Leg. 



RESTRAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 229 

Hess' Method of Restraining One Hind Leg. 

Hess' method of restraining one hind leg, Figure 250, con- 
sists of securing the head to a tree or post by means of a rope 
looped around base of horns (a). The hind leg is then drawn 
back and fixed to the cart standard (d). This same method may 




Fig. 251. Hess' Method of Restraining One Hind Leg by Fixing to Pole. 



be used with the same degree of efficiency by substituting a tree 
or post for the cart standard. 

Figure 251 represents another one of Hess' methods of re- 
straining one hind leg by means of fixing the leg (d) to a pole 
(a) (b) which is placed in front of the hock (d). The leg is 
fixed to the pole by means of a rope, strap or cord. 



230 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Restraining Both Hind Legs with a Rope Tie. 

Figure 252 represents Moussu's inethod of restraining both 
hind legs with a rope tie. The rope is simply looped (d) around 
one hind leg above the hock and passed backward and forward 
around the legs (b) (c) above the hocks, forming a figure "8," 
after which fix by a knot (a) between the legs. 




Fig. 252. Restraining Both Hind Legs with a Rope Tie. 



Smith's Anti-KicJce 



•er. 




Fig. 253. Smith's Anti-Kicker. 



The anti-kicker, Figure 

253, is made entirely of met- 

fd al. It consists of two flat 

spring clamps (a) (d) so 

shaped as to fit firmly over 

the Achilles tendon. To one 

of these spring clamps one end of the chain (b) is securely fixed. 

The other spring clamp carries a locking ring (c) to receive 

and lock the chain. 

Figure 254 represents the anti-kicker applied. This makes 
a convenient and safe hobble for the hind legs, and will effect- 
ually prevent kicking. 



KESTKAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 



231 




Fig. 254. Smith's Anti-Kicker Applied. 

Hess' Method of Restraining Both Hind Legs. 

The method of Hess, Figure 255, for restraining both hind 
legs consists of doubling a rope, webbing or strap, and placing 
it around one hind leg above the hock (b) (c). Pass one free 
end up between the hind legs and through the loop, and the 
other free end is passed in front and around the other hind leg 
(a) and through the loop. Traction is made on both free ends 
(d) ; this draws the legs together and prevents backward, for- 
ward and sidewise movement. 

Restraint of Both Hind Legs with a Sack or Cloth. 

Figure 256 represents restraint of both hind legs by means 
of a sack or cloth folded and placed in front of the hocks (a) 
and held on each side (b) (c) by an assistant. 

Restraint of Both Hind Legs hy Pole in Front of Hocl's. 

Figure 257 represents both hind legs restrained by placing 
a pole in front of the hocks (A). Each end (C) (B) of this 
pole is held by an assistant. 



232 



KESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 










Fig. 255. Hess' Method of Restraining Both Hind Legs. 




Fig. 256. Restraint of Both Hind Legs with a Sack or Cloth. 



KESTBAINT 0¥ THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 



233 




Fig. 257. Restraint of Both Hind Legs by Pole in Front of Hoctcs. 



Restraint of Both Hind Legs with a Plank Held hy an 

Assistant. 

Figure 258 represents both hind legs restrained by placing 
a plank in front of the hocks (A) with one end down against 
the wall (C) and the other end held by an assistant (B). By 
means of a plank held in this manner the animal is forced and 
held against the wall and kicking is prevented by the plank 
being held in contact with the hocks. 




Fig. 258. Restraint of Both Hind Legs with Plank Held by One 
Assistant. 



234 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Restraint of One Hind Leg and One Fore Leg. 

Fig, 259 represents the liind and fore legs fixed together 
with a rope. The rope is looped around the hind leg above 
the hock (a), then passed forward (b) to and around the fore 
leg (c) (d) above the knee and there fixed by a knot. 




Fig. 259. Hind and Fore Legs Fixed Togetiner with a Rope. 



Hess' Method of Restraining One Fore Leg and One Hind Leg. 

The method of Hess, Figure 260, of securing the animal to 
a wagon, consists of fixing the head to frame. Then lift one 
fore foot (a) with rope (b). The rope is then passed over 
frame (c) and its free end held by an assistant (d). The 
hind leg is fixed (f) to a pole (g) which has been thrust between 
the spokes of wheel. 



KESTEAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTURE. 



235 




Fig. 260. Hess' Method of Restraining One Fore and One Hind Leg. 



Restraint of All Four Legs. 

Figure 261 represents one of the simplest methods of re- 
straint of all four legs. It consists of two strong rings securely 
fixed in the wall — one in front (A) and the other behind the 
animal (C). To one of these rings a strong rope is fixed. The 
rope is then passed alongside the animal (B) to and through the 
other ring (C). Traction is made on the free end of the rope 
(D) ; this forces and holds the animal against the wall. ' 




Fig. 261. Restraint of All Four Legs by Forcing Animal Against 
Wall with Rope. 



236 



KESTHAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Travis or Stocks. 

Figure 262 represents a form of stocks now in general use 
on the Continent of Europe for controlling oxen. The four 
upright side posts are beveled and curved to fit the body of the 
animal. They are attached at their bottom by a hinged bolt to 
posts firmly fixed into the ground. They are united at the 
top by keyed pins (c) (a) (b) (d). A post (e) is placed in 
front of the animal, to v^hich the head is fixed by means of a 
rope around base of horns. The hind legs may be fixed to the 
rear post (f) ; the fore legs are fixed to support (g) on front 
post. 




Fig. 262. Travis or Stocks. 



Cattle "Chute." 

Figure 263 represents a design of cattle "chute" which is 
used very extensively in the West and Northwest for confining 
wild and range cattle for spaying and other surgical operations. 
This "chute" is simply a wedge-shaped stockade. The sides of 
the "chute" are six feet high and the "chute" itself is only two 
and one-half feet wide. The gate (A) is eight feet high and 
two and one-half feet wide. The sliding bars or rails (B) are to 
be placed behind the animal to prevent backward movement 
and to wedge it in the "chute." The head is thrust through the 



EESTKAINT OF THE OX IN THE STANDING POSTUEE. 



237 




Fig. 263. Cattle "Chute." 



opening in the gate (G). After the operation, the animal is 
released by simply opening the gate. This "chute" affords us 
a quick, safe and convenient method of restraining wild and 
vicious animals. 



CHAPTEE II. 

EESTKAINT OF THE OX IN KECUMBENT POSTURE. 

The OX is easily cast and secured for operation. This may 
be done with most any of the ordinary hobbles, ropes and cast- 
ing harness which are used in casting and restraining the horse. 
These have already been illustrated and described in Part II. 

The ox may also be secured on most of the equine operating 
tables which were also illustrated and described in Part II. 
However, there are a few special methods that are used exclu- 
sively in ox surgery. To make this volume complete, it will 
be necessary at this point to briefly consider the special appli- 
ances for subjection and restraint of the ox. In casting and 
securing this animal precautions must be taken against fractur- 
ing the horns and rupturing the rumen. It is always advisable 
to have the animal empty by fasting several hours before cast- 
ing, and to cast upon a thick bed of straw or other soft material. 
In all cases the head should be supplied with a halter, or the 
nose clamp may be used. 




Fig. 264. Rueff's Method of Casting the Ox — First Position. 



RESTRAINT OF THE OX IN RECUMBENT POSTURE. 



239 







Fig. 265. Rueff's Method of Casting the Ox — Second Position. 

Rueffs Method of Casting. 

The method used in Germany by Rueff, Figure 264, con- 
sists of looping a rope thirty-six feet long around base of horns 
(a). This rope is then passed along on top of neck and half 
hitches taken around base of neck (b), chest (c), and flank 
(d). The free end is then carried backward over the hip (e) 
and with one assistant controlling the head, traction is made on 
free end of rope sufficient to compress the body, and in a few 
seconds the animal will lie down, at which time the ' restraint 
may be completed by application of hobbles. 

Figure 265 represents the animal about ready to go down. 
Figure 266 represents the animal cast, ready to be secured. 




Fig. 266. Rueff's IVlethod of Casting the Ox — Third Position. 



340 



KESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Figure 267 represents a quick and convenient method of 
casting calves for "spaying operation." Two ropes are simply 
looped around the hind and fore legs (a) (b) above the ankles, 
and the calf is stretched broadsided on the ground by making 
traction on the free ends of the ropes (c) (d). 




Fig. 267. Casting Calves for "Spaying Operation." 

Soffner's Method of Casting. 

The method of Soffner, Figure 268, consists of a forked 
rope, both ends of which are passed under the chin strap of the 
halter, then carried between the fore legs (f), thence to and 
through the ring (b) in surcingle (g), then the two ends are 
looped around each fore leg above ankles (a) (c). The animal 
is cast by making traction on free end of rope (e). 




Fig. 268. Soffner's iVIetliod of Casting. 



RESTRAINT OF THE OX IN RECUMBENT POSTURE. 

"Draw Bach" or "Pulley Harness" 



241 



The "draw back" or ''pulley harness," Figure 269, were orig- 
inally designed for preventing cattle from "running away." 
However, it later developed that they are also desirable for 
casting purposes. A rope surcingle carrying two pulleys is 
fastened firmly around the chest (d). Hobble straps are ap- 




Fig. 269. "Draw Back" or Pulley Harness. 

plied around both fore pasterns. The main rope is fixed to 
hobble strap ring (a) of off pastern. The rope is then carried 
upward to and through the pulley (b), thence downward to and 
through the hobble strap ring on near fore leg (e) ; then upward 
to and through the remaining pulley (c). Traction is made on 
free end of rope (f). 



Conkey's Loch Buchle Hobbles. 

The lock buckle hobbles of Conkey, Figure 270, are very 
convenient for casting and securing the ox. The hobble straps 
are buckled around the legs above ankles. The master hobble 
(a) is applied to near fore leg when it is desired to cast animal 



242 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 270. Conkey's Lock Buckle Hobbles Applied. 

on off side. The rope carrying the chain is passed from near 
fore to and through hobble strap ring of near hind ; then across 
to off hind; thence forward to off fore, and back through lock 
buckle. The animal is cast and secured, Figure 271, by mak- 
ing traction on free end of main rope. 




Fig. 271. Animal Cast and Secured with Conkey's Lock Buckle Hobbles. 



RESTRAINT OF THE OX IBT RECUMBENT POSTURE. 



243 



Casting with Rope on Three Legs. 

Figure 272 represents a mode of casting with rope on only 
three legs. The rope has a running noose or loop at one end 
which is placed around the near fore pastern (a) then carried 
around off fore pastern (b), thence around off hind pastern (c) 
and back around the part of the rope connecting the fore legs. 
The free end of the rope (e) is passed backward, and the ani- 
mal is cast by two or more assistants making traction on rope. 




Fig. 272. Casting with Rope on Three Legs. 



Casting Ropes Fixed to Horns. 

Figure 273 represents the manner of casting an animal with 
main casting ropes fixed around base of horns. Take a % or 
•%-inch rope fifty feet long; double the rope and loop its middle 
around base of horns (a). The free ends are brought down on 
either side between the fore legs behind elbows (b) ; then back- 
ward (c) (d) to and around each hind pastern (h) (i) ; thence 
forward (e) (f), and the animal is cast by traction on free ends 
of the ropes (j) (k). If available, it is advisable to use hobble 
straps on hind legs above the ankles. 



244 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 273. Casting Rope Fixed to Horns. 




Fig. 274. Casting by Double Side Line. 



RESTRAINT OF THE OX IN RECUMBENT POSTURE. 



245 



Casting hi/ Double Side Line. 

Figure 274 represents the ox being cast by means of the 
double side line. The rope used should be %-inch in diameter 
and fifty feet long. A loop is made in middle of main rope 
sufiiciently large to fit around base of neck (a), side loops (k) 
are made in this collar loop for passage of free ends of main 
rope. From the breast each main rope is passed between the 
fore legs and backward (f) (g) to and around each hind leg 
above ankles (d) (e) ; thence forward (h) (i-) to and through 
side loops (k) in collar. The animal is cast by traction on free 
ends (b) (c) of the two main ropes. 




Fig. 275. Knowles' Web Casting Harness Applied. 



Kno ivies' Web Casting Harness. 

The web casting harness of Knowles, Figure 275, is an 
excellent appliance for casting the ox. This harness has already 
been fully described in Part II, hence it is unnecessary to re- 
describe it here. It will be observed that the webbing hobbles 
are applied above ankles in casting the ox, otherwise the harness 
is applied and used as in casting and securing the horse. 

FigTire 27G represents an ox cast and secured with the 
Knowles web casting harness. 



246 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 276. Animal Cast and Secured with Knowies' Web Casting 

Harness. 



Fixing the Legs to Pole After Castiyig. 

Figure 277 will afford the reader a comprehensive idea of 
one method of fixing the legs to a pole after casting. With the 
animal thus secured, it can be placed in the dorsal position 
with little difficulty. 




Fig. 277. Fixing tine Legs to Pole After Casting. 



PART IV. 



Restraint of the Dog. 



PAET IV. 

Restraint of the Dog. 

In restraining the dog for either examination or operation, 
care must be exercised to avoid injury. By rough handling, 
the animal is liable to receive both external and internal inju- 
ries ; by improper or imperfect restraint the operator is liable 
to receive personal injuries as a result oi bites from the animal. 

Some animals are very active in their efforts at resistance, 
while others are docile and easy to manage. It is always advis- 
able to apply some form of muzzle before proceeding far with 
any examination or operatipn. Tt only requires a few mo- 
ments' time to apply a muzzle, and it will oftentimes relieve the 
surgeon of the embarrassment of caring for and treating severe 
punctured and lacerated wounds, or in many instances resorting 
to Pasteur treatment. Especial care must be exercised in hand- 
ling nervous, fat and aged animals, also those of the smaller 
breeds, on account of their susceptibility to injury. 

The quickest, as well as the safest, method of handling a 
dog is to promptly and firmly grasp the skin of the nape of -the 
neck. But in very large, savage and dangerous dogs the risk 
of personal injury to the operator can be greatly minimized 
by seizing them with a long pair of collar nippers or tongs. In 
the absence of nippers or tongs an improvised "catcher" may be 
quickly made by procuring a stick four or five feet in length, 
through the end of which two holes are bored. Through these 
holes a piece of wire or cord is carried, forming a running noose 
at the end of the stick. Standing at a distance from the ani- 
mal this noose is placed over the head and the wire or cord 
tightened. An appliance of this kind holds the dog at a safe 
distance until more secure restraint can be applied. 



CHAPTER I- 



OPERATING TABLES. 



In order to intelligently and humanely manipulate the opera- 
tive technique of canine surgery, the surgeon's operating room 
must of necessity be equipped with some form of operating table. 
This particular form of operating room equipment does not 
present itself as a question of choice, but confronts us as one 
of absolute necessity. To make most tables complete, there are 
two important adjuncts with which they must be equipped, viz., 
hobbles and ojjerating trough. There are many different designs 
of hobbles ; however, the Dawson-French hobbles and those of 
Hobday have proven themselves in actual practice to be far 
superior to all others. 



Dawson-French Hobbles. 

These hobbles, Figure 278, were designed and perfected by 

Doctors Charles F. Dawson 
and Cecil French. The 
Dawson-French hobbles are 
admirably adapted to canine 
use. The main feature of 
1^ - the hobbles is their self-lock- 
ing action. A swinging 
ratchet arrangement is sus- 
pended in a frame through 
which the control rope passes. 
The frame is supplied with a 
screw clamp by means of 
which it is attachable to and 
removable from any operat- 
ing table at will. One set oi 
four large and one set of four small running-noose leg bands 
are provided. These will fit any sized animal, and are con- 
nected to the control ropes by steel snaps, Should the operator 




Fig. 278. 



Dawson-French Portable 
Hobble. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



251 



wish to tighten the control rope he does so by merely pulling on 
it, and the moment he lets go it is firmly clinched by the ratchet. 
The animal can be quickly released from the control position at 
any moment by simply holding back the handle bars by which 
the ratchet is prevented from clinching, this allows free passage 
for the rope. ■ 




Fig. 279. Hobday's Hobbles. 

Hobday's Ilohhles. 

The hobbles of Hobday, Figure 279, consist of a clamp (a) 
carrying a set screw (g) by which it is securely fixed to the 
corners of any operating table. The top of this metal" clamp 
carries a small rope or cord (b), upon the free end of which 
ii^ a specially-constructed, self-locking loop (e), carrying a metal 
ring (f) to which the webbing hobble strap (d) is attached by 
means of a snap (e). These hobbles are portable, and can be 
quickly and easily applied to and removed from any operating 
table. They are aj^plied by looping the webbing hobble (d) 




Fig. 280. Ordinary Table Equipped with Hobday's Hobbies — 
Dog Secured. 



252 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



above the elbows and hocks of the patient. The slack is taken 
up by the sliding self-locking device (c). 

Figure 280 represents an ordinary flat-top table equipped 
with Hobday's hobbles. The patient is secured in the extended 
abdominal position. Observe the position of the clamps at 




Fig. 281. Ordinary Table Equipped with Hobday's Hobbles — 
Dog Secured. 



corners of table, the hobble straps applied and the self-locking 
device on each hobble rope. FigTire 281 represents the same 
patient placed in the extended dorsal position. (The author 
much prefers to place the hobble loops on the fore legs above 
the elbows and hocks.) 




Fig. 282, Improvised Cord Hobble Loop. 



Improvised Cord Hobble Loop. 

The improvised hobble loop, Figure 282, is made by doubling 
a piece of cord, tape or webbing so as to make a slip noose or 
loop in the center. The hobble ropes may be fixed at each 
corner to the legs of any ordinary table. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



253 




Key Hobble. 

Figure 283 represents the key hobble. The keys for this 

hobble are made of brass or other 
metal having a shoulder or rim 
just underneath the head (B) of 
the keys to. prevent them from 
pressing too far into the wooden 
top of the table. The hobble con- 
sists of a piece of tape, leather or 
webbing passed through the ring 
(B) on the key, the two ends be- 

_. „ , ing stitched together. In order to 

Fig. 283. Key Hobble Looped ^ , . , 1,11 ■ -, 
Ready for Application. use this key hobble it becomes nec- 

essary to have key holes cut into 
the table top at intervals of about three inches. (See Hobday's 
table, Figure 289.) 

Youncj's Operating Trough. 

The operating trough of Young, Figure 284, is a valuable 
adjunct to most operating 
tables. It is useful in drain- 
ing off the fluids as well as 
holding the patient in a sta- <i 
tionary position. This trough 
sets flat on the table and is 
made of enamelled iron. It pjg 284. Young's Operating Trough, 
can be readily rendered 

sterile by boiling or by cleansing with any of the ordinary 
disinfectants. 

Figure 285 represents the extension grate which is used for 
the same purpose as the operating trough. This appliance is 
depressed in its center and provided with a slat floor (a). It 
readily fits the top of any operating table. 

Bernard's Operating Table. 

The table of Bernard, Figiire 286, is an ordinary flat-top 
table (a) provided with an operating trough (b) and a head- 




254 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




b >> 

Fig. 285. Extension Grate. 




Fig. 287. MacQueen's Operating Table. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



255 



holding device (c) (g). Bernard's table is used very exten- 
sively in France and Germany, and is quite satisfactory. 

MacQueen s Operating Table. 

The table of MacQueen, Figure 287, is similar in many 
respects to that of Bernard, Figure 286. In fact, this is a 
modification of the Bernard apparatus. It is made of v/ood, 
consisting of four parallel leaves connected by hinges. The 
two outer leaves may be inclined at any angle toward one an- 
other, forming a trough to receive the animal's body. When 
folded it is readily portable. 

Ordinary Metal Flat-Top Table. 

The table, Figure 288, is an ordinary metal table of the 
flat-top stationary variety. This table is finished in enamel. 




Fig. 288. Metal Table with Enamel Finish. 



which makes it extremely easy to cleanse and render sterile. 
\Yhen equipped with hobbles it makes a very desirable table for 
ordinary purposes. 

Hobday's Operating Table. 

The table of Hobday, Figure 289, is made of wood. It is 
provided with a strong wooden base (i) of the cross-leg variety. 



256 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

d 




Fig. 289. Hobday's Operating Table. 

At each end is a receptacle (f) (g) (li) for instruments and 
solutions. The top (e) is perforated with key holes and is 
supplied with key hobbles (a) (B) (c) (d), which are adjust- 
able to any-sized animal. 




Fig. 290. Livon's Operating Table. 



OPEKATING TABLES. 



Livon's Operating Table. 



257 



The table of Livon, Figure 290^ is made of wood, and is of 
the stationary flat-top variety. The top (a) is perforated to 
allow escape of fluids, and is attached to a substantial base 
consisting of eight legs (b) (c) (d) (e) placed cross-wise under 
the table. 

C. A. White's Operating Table. 

• 

The table designed and used by C. A. White, Figure 291, 
is made entirely of metal, with wdiite enamel finish. The top 




Fig. 291. C. A. White's Operating Table. 



(i) and drain shelf (k) are made of sheet steel. The legs 
(c) (d) (e) (f) are of tubular iron. The basin holders (g) 
are of round steel rods and may be attached to either corner of 
the table. This table is mounted on heavy castors, and is five 
feet long, two feet wide, and three and one-half fe.et high. 

Oernian Operating Table. 

The German operating table. Figure 292, is made with a 
wrought-iron frame and heavy plate glass top (a). The frame 
is white enamel finished, wdiich makes the table as aseptic as it 



258 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 292. German Operating Table. 




Fig. 293. Italian Operating Table. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



259 



is possible for it to be. The table is supplied with an instru- 
ment basin (c) and a solution basin (b), and is mounted on 
castors. 

Italian Operating Table. 

The Italian operating table, Figure 293, is made entirely 
of metal, the frame being tubular and the top of sheet steel. 
This table is equipped with castors (b) (c) (d) (e). When 
in the desired position the lever (g) is thrown, which displaces 
the castors and allows the table legs to come in direct contact 
with the floor this renders the table more solid and stationary. 




Fig. 294. Delahanty's Folding Table — Horizontal Position. 



26o 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Delalianty's Folding Operating Table. 

The folding table of Delahanty, Figure 294, is very conven- 
ient where the operating room space is limited. This table 
consists of a single wide board top (a) attached at one end by 
two hinges (g) (h) to the wall (g) (h). The other end is sup- 
plied at each corner with two hinged legs (i) (j). Five oblong 
openings are made through the top (b) (c) (d) (e) (f). These 
are to receive the four legs and nose of the dog. This table is 
especially convenient for ''ear trimming," as it holds the dog 
perfectly motionless. The legs are thrust through the holes 
(b) (c) (d) (e) ^and tied together underneath the table. The 







rrpTT, 



•\u 



' . T 



/HM(<if 'i 




W'l 



k ' 






I 
$ 



Fig. 295. Delahanty's Folding Table Secured Against the Wall. 



OPERATING TABLES. 



261 



nose is thrust through the front hole (f ) and secured underneath 
the table with the muzzle tape. 

Figure 295 shows the table from the underside and repre- 
sents it folded back and fastened against the wall. Observe the 
hinged legs folded down against the table top and the button 
fastening (g) on wall, which holds the table up. When thus 
folded, the table is entirely out of the way. 

German Ail-Metal Revolving Table. 

The German table, Figure 296, is made entirely of metal, and 
is adjustable in most all particulars. The frame consists of four 
legs (b) (c) (d) (1), braced at the bottom (a). These braces 
merge together at the top against the center post (h). This post 




Fig. 296. German Ail-Metal Revolving Table. 



262 



EESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



carries the mechanical parts of the table. These parts consist of 
a cog (s) and lever (f) device by which the table is lowered or 
raised to any desired height, a ball and socket device (f) which 
allows the table to revolve or be turned in any direction or ele- 
vated to any angle. The top consists of three short metal 
leaves (m) (n) (o). These are perforated with numerous 
holes to allow fluids to escape. The ones on either side are 
hinged to that of the middle, and are easily raised, lowered, 
and locked at any angle by the self-locking ratchets on each end 
of the table. They can even be dropped down to the sides and 
animal placed on the table in the astride position. 



b i 




Fig. 297. Stuttgart Operating Table. 



OPERATING TABLES. 

Stuttgart Operating Table. 



263 



The Stuttgart table, Figure 297, consists of an ordinary 
wooden table with metal top to which is attached by suitable fast- 
enings the four metal legs of the Stuttgart apparatus. These legs 
support the two leaves (a) (a) of the hollow metal top. By a 
special arrangement the top can be lowered either at sides or in 
the center, which makes it in many particulars an adjustable 
table. 




Fig. 298. Improvised Operating Table — Horizontal Position. 



l7nprovised Operating Table. 

The improvised operating table, Figure 298, is made from 
an ordinary sewing machine stand. The metal parts are 
painted with aluminum paint. The top (i) is of solid wood 
painted with white enamel paint. The top is hinged at one 
end (h) and the other end is supplied with hinged brace rods 
(g) which fit into ratchet notches (j) on the metal frame (d). 
By means of this arrangement the top can be elevated, Figure 
299, to any desired angle. This table is cheap, neat, clean and 
efficient. 



264 



EESTBAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 299. Improvised Operating Table — Upright Position. 



CHAPTER II. 

MUZZLES, TAPE AND OTHER METHODS. 



Muzzles. 



To avoid being bitten the surgeon should take the wise pre- 
caution of applying some means of restraint to the mouth before 




Fig. 301, Tape Muzzle Properly Applied. 



Fig. 300. Clove Hitch Muzzle. 



an examination is made or an operation j^erformed. The best 
and safest mouth restraint is some form of muzzle. The ordi- 
nary clove hitch, Figure 300, made of either cord, tape or 




Fig. 302. Tape Muzzle Held 
by an Assistant. 




Fig. 303. Leather Strap Muzzle 
Held by an Assistant. 



266 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



leather, and applied around the jaws in such manner as to 
close the mouth and keep- it closed with bow" tie back of the 
poll, makes an excellent muzzling device. Figure 301 repre- 
sents the tape muzzle properly applied. 

As a simple, temporary precaution- in making a hurried 
examination the muzzle may be applied and the ends of the 
tape held by an assistant as shown in Figiires 302 and 303. 
All short-nosed animals, in which the capacity of the nasal 
passages is limited, must be secured by this method with extreme 
caution to avoid suffocation. To remove the muzzle and release 
the jaws, simply untie the knot by grasping end of tape. There 
are several desirable muzzles manufactured and sold, some of 
them better than others. A comprehensive idea of them may be 
obtained by referring to the following illustrations : 







Fig. 304. Automatic IVluzzle Applied. 



MUZZLES^ TAPE AND OTHER METHODS. 



267 




Fig. 305. Safety Muzzle Applied. 




Fig. 307. Protection Muzzle. 



268 



RESTBAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




Fig. 308. Hungarian Muzzle, 




Fig. 309. Adjustable Leather Muzzle. 



jTx 




Fig. 310. Collar Nippers. 



The collar nippers, Figure 310, are useful for grasping wild 
and vicious dogs by the neck preparatory to restraining them. 

Figure 311 represents a dog held safe for examination by 
a firm grasp with one hand by the nape of the neck and the 



MUZZLES^ TAPE AI^D OTHER METHODS. 



269 




Fig. 311. Hobday's Method of Holding a Dog Safe for Examination. 




Fig. 312. Safe IVIethod of Holding a Dog for Examination or Operation. 



270 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



other hand hekl firmly against tlie lower jaw. A hold of this 
kind prevents opening of the jaws. 

Another safe method of holding a dog, Figure 312, is by 
grasping the fore and hind legs and bringing them up to the 
side of the jaws, in which position they are held by tight grasp- 
ing and firm pressure on each side of the face. In this position 
the dog is absolutely helpless. 




Fig. 313. Holding Jaws Apart with Tapes. 



Figure 313 represents the jaws being held aj)art with a 
tape or cord looped around both the lower and upper jaw. 

Miles' Method of Restraining the Bitch. 

The method of Miles, Figure 31-1, of restraining the bitch 
for "spaying" operation consists of first applying a tape muzzle 



MUZZLES^ TAPE AND OTHEK METHODS. 



271 



(i). A piece of small rope or cord (c) (b) is then tied by a 
running noose knot above each hock (e) (d). The bitch is then 
hung up to nail or hook (a). Another similar rope is fixed 




Fig. 314. Miles' Method of Restraining the Bitch. 



around both fore legs, above the elbows (f) (h). The operator 
now places his foot through loop (g) on fore legs, which allows 
him to make sufficient traction to hold the animal in an ex- 
tended position without the aid of an assistant. 



PART V. 



Restraint of the Hog. 



PAKT V. 

Restraint of the Hog. 

Little or no difficulty is experienced in casting and securing 
young pigs or small hogs, either in the standing or recumbent 
positions; but aged and large animals are more difficult and 
dangerous to control, and by their tusks sometimes inflict severe 
lacerated wounds. 

Some large hogs are tedious and difficult to catch, and when 
caught most of them are extremely difficult and unhandy to hold. 
This is largely due to the few and inaccessibility of projecting 
parts by which a firm hand hold may be taken. In restraining 
or securing the hog we have only two objects in view, viz., pro- 
tecting the operator and assistants from bites and wounds from 
the tusks, and sufficient immobilization of the animal for exam- 
ination and operation. 

Catching the Hog. 

Many methods have been suggested whereby the hog may be 
conveniently caught preparatory to securing for operation. The 
^animal may be seized above the ankle of one or both hind legs, 
or by the ears, or both, and thrown on its side. Food may be 
j^laced in a deep vessel and while engaged in eating, it may be 
captured. Or a stifle piece of cord with a loop or running 
noose upon one end of it may be tied to end of a stick and a 
piece of bread or other solid food placed in the loop ; when the 
hog opens its mouth to take the food the loop is passed over its 
snout and tightened. Or a loop may be placed on the ground 
and tightened as soon as the animal has placed one of its 
feet into it. 

The mechanical hog catcher, Figiire 315, is an excellent de- 
vice for catching hogs. It consists of a pair of metal jaws 
(c) (d) fastened to the end of a long pole (h). These jaws 
are hinged (j) and are closed (a) (b) around the leg of the 



276 



RESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



animal by making firm and continued traction on the rope (e) 
(g). The hog can now be approached and further restraint 
applied. 

I 




Fig. 315. Mechanical Hog Catcher. 




Fig. 316. Hog Catcher Open Ready for Reception of Animal. 

Figure 316 represents a hog catcher placed in the gateway 
of a fence (a) (b). The lever (c) is attached in pivot fashion 



EESTKAINT OF THE HOG. 



277 



at bottom by a strong nail or iron pin. The hog thrusts its head 
through opening (h) at which time the lever is forced over (d) 
against side of animal's neck and locked by pins through holes 
(e) in top support. 

Figure 317 represents hog trap made in box or crate fash- 
ion. The frame is made of 2x4 inch lumber strongly bolted 
at corners. The front end has a door (A) made of two strong 
thick oak boards \nth cross cleats on the inside at top and bot- 




Fig. 317. Hog Trap. 



tom. This is held to the frame by two strong hinges, and when 
in use is held up by the strong iron clamp (F). The lever is 
so arranged that the trap can be set for small or large hogs. The 
crate is four feet two inches long, two feet four inches high, 
and one foot six inches wide, inside measure. Place the trap 
with rear end close to the hog pen with the lever thrown back. 
When the hog enters he will thrust his head through the hole 
and you can then pull the lever and hold him. With two 
strong handles attached to the sides of the crate it makes an 
excellent loading device. 

iS 



278 



EESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 





Fig. 318. Catching Hog by Corn and Barrel Method — First Position. 

Figure 318 represents first position of catching a hog by 
the corn and barrel method. An ordinary barrel (b) is placed 
on the ground in the horizontal position, with open end facing 
the hog. Corn or other food (a) is scattered on the ground, and 
some of it thrown into the barrel. The hog (c) will eat up to 




Fig. 319. Catching Hog by 

Corn and Barrel IVlethod, 

Second Position, 



Fig. 320. Catching Hog by 

Corn and Barrel IVlethod, 

Third Position. 



and into the barrel. Figure 319, at which time the barrel is 
quickly raised to upright position, Figiire 320, and the animal 
is caught and in a way secured with head down and hind feet 
up. It is impossible for it to emerge from the barrel by its 
own efforts alone. 



RESTRAINT OF THE HOG. 



279 



One of the first things to be done after catching a hog is to 
apply the twitch, Figure 321. This twitch consists of a piece 
of wood 18 inches in length, flattened at one end. The flattened 




Fig. 321. Hog Twitch. 




Fig. 322. Cliampion Hog Holder Applied. 



28o 



RESTEAINT OF DOMESTIC AXIMALS. 




Fig. 324. Practical Method of Securing a Large Hog with 
only One Assistant. 



KESTEAINT OF THE HOG. 



281 



end carries two holes for passage of the cord or chain for the 
loop. This loop is passed around either the upper or lower 
jaw, or around both jaAvs. Instead of the twitch, the Champion 
Hog Holder, Figure 322, may be applied to the upper jaw (b). 
This holder is made entirely of metal and by slight traction by 
one man, with one hand (f) the largest hog can be held per- 
fectly secure without assistance. 




Fig. 325. Pig Held Between the Knees. 



Figure 323 represents a practical method of securing a hog 
by placing a loop around the upper jaw back of the canine teeth, 
and fixing the free end of rope or cord around a post or tree. 

Figure 324 represents a practical method of securing a large 
hog when only one assistant is available. A heavy rope with 
a loop on one end is placed over the head, neck and one leg (a) 



282 



RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



(b). The free end of tlie rope is thrown over a beam above 
the hog. Traction on this rope will raise fore feet of the hog 
off the ground and place it in a helpless position. 




Fig. 326. Pig Held Between 
tile Knees. 



Fig. 327. Pig Held Between 
the Knees in Proper Po- 
sition for Administra- 
tion of Medicine. 



Figures 325, 326, and 327 represent proper methods of hold- 
ing a pig or light hog between the knees for either examination 
or ojjeration. 



RESTRAINT OF THE HOG. 



283 



To secure a large hog in the recumbent position an assistant 
grasps one of its hind legs. He rapidly slides his right knee 
toward the front of the left side of the chest, passes his left hand 
over the withers, and by the combined use of his knees and arms, 
throws the animal on its left side. The animal is then further 
secured by passing a cord, rope or strap in figure "8" fashion 
around the legs above the ankles. Figure 328. If necessary, all 
four legs may be secured, after which apply the twitch or Cham- 




Fig. 328. Hog Secured Ready for Operation. 



pion Plog Holder, and the restraint is complete. Or, instead 
of fixing the legs together, the animal may be secured as in Fig- 
ure 329, with a pole or rail over the neck and shoulders. This 
pole (c) is simply thrust through an opening (b) between the 
rails of a fence, and is held down firmly against the hog by 
pressure downward (d) on its free end. If two assistants are 
available to seize, cast and secure a hog of ordinary size, it 
should be done as follows : One assistant seizes a hind leg above 
the hock, the other assistant seizes the two ears, then by their 



284 RESTRAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

combined efforts the animal is cast on its side and kept in that 
position by placing the knee on its neck. 




Fig. 329. Hog Secured by a Pole or Rail Over Neck and Shoulders. 



Conkey's Method of Restraining the Sow for "Spaying 
Operations." 

Procure a piece of 3-8 inch rope (soft) about six feet long, 
tie the free ends together forming a loop, as shown in Figure 
330. Next you will procure a 2xl4-inch plank about 12 feet 
long ; place it on the floor or ground as the case may be, either 
spike the upper end fast or drive a stake in the ground below, 
or in some manner make the plank secure (D)- Now make 
your rope fast to the upper end of the plank with a spike (B), 
or by boring a hole through the plank large enough to allow the 
rope to be drawn up through, when it will be secured by a large 
knot in its ends. This should be so arranged that when the 
hog is fastened to the plank she will be about waist high, as indi- 
cated in the following illustrations : 



EESTEAINT OF THE HOG. 



285 




Fig. 330. Conkey's Method of Restraining the Sow for "Spaying 
Operation" — First Step. 




Fig. 331. Conkey's Method of Restraining the Sow for "Spaying 
Operation" — Second Step. 



286 



KESTKAINT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The operator will stand facing the plank, with his right hand 
toward the low end of the plank; pass yonr right hand (a) 
through the looj)ed rope, and instruct your assistant to grasp 
both right legs of the hog and bring it to you, placing it on the 
board. As he approaches pass your left hand under your right 
hand and the rope, grasping the left hind leg, while your right 
hand grasps the right hind leg; now giiide the left leg to your 




Fig. 332. Conkey's Method of Restraining a Sow for "Spaying 
Operation" — Animal Secured. 



right hand, which grasps it. The right hand now retains both 
hind legs, Figure 331, while your left hand grasps the loop 
from over your wrist and carries it back, dropping it posterior 
to the hind feet. As you drop the rope back of the feet you 
are to say "pull" — meaning that your assistant is to pull the hog 
downward on the plank, making the rope taut, as is shown in 
Figure 332. 

With a little practice a sow can be secured, by this method, 
in less than five seconds. 



INDEX 



INDEX 



A 

PAGE 

Abilgaard's Modification of Danish Casting and Securing Har- 
ness 125, 126 

Accidents to Horse in Use of Operating Table IGl 

Adjustable Dog Muzzle ,. 268 

American Nose Clamp 221 

American Nose Clamp, with Rope . 221 

American Sling 66 

Anti-Kicker — Smith's 230 

Australian "Crush" 63, 64 

Author's Knee-Strap 28, 112, 227 

Automatic Dog Muzzle 266 

B 

Barcus' Stocks 52, 55 

Barnacles 19, 20 

Metal • 20 

Wooden 19 

Barnick's Loop Hobbles 84 

Becker's Hobbles 81 

Belmont Rider Hippo-Lasso . . . .' 50 

Berlin Hobbles 88, 89 

Bernardot and Buttel Apparatus 75, 76, 95 

Bernard's Operating Table 253 

Blindfold 21 

Bradwood Operating Table and Chair 198-215 

Broken Back, Apparatus for Prevention of 75, 76, 95 

"Broncho," Restraint of 153, 154 

c 

Casting and Securing Harness and Ropes 109-256 

Casting and "Securing Harness, Conkey's 113116 

Cowie's 139, 140 

Cowie's as modified by Lewis 140 



290 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Casting and Securing Harness — Continued. 

Danish 122-126 

Dollar's Double Side 130, 131 

Double Side Line 135, 136 

Hayes' 129 

Hulburt's 120, 121 

Knowles' 117, 118, 119, 245, 246 

Lernberg 131, 132 

McDonald's 132, 133 

Miles' (Ridgling) 137-139 

Over's • • 133, 134 

Rohard's 126-128 

Russian . .* 134, 135 

Whitwell's 119, 120 

Ziegler's 121, 122 

Casting and Securing the Horse, One Man Method of 141-152 

Galvayne's 144-146 

Gleason's 146-148 

M'agner's 148-151 

Rarey's 152 

Russian 141-143 

Casting and Securing Horse with Hobbles, Directions for 82 

Casting and Securing the Ox 238-246 

With Conkey's Self-Locking Buckle Hobbles 241 

With Double Side Line 245 

With Knowles' Web Casting Harness 245, 246 

With Rope Fixed to Horns 243 

With Rope on Three Legs 243 

Rueff's Method of 239 

Soffner's Method 240 

Calves, Casting and Securing for "Spaying" 240 

Catching the Dog with Collar Nippers 268 

Catching the Hog ,. . 275-278 

With Corn and Barrel 278 

With Mechanical Catcher 276 

With Trap 277 

Champion Hog Holder 279 

Chicago Veterinary College Operating Table 185-188 

"Chute" for Cattle 237 

Clove Hitch — Dog Muzzle Made by 265 

Collar Nippers 268 

Conkey's Operating Table 188, 189 

Conkey's Method of Securing the Sow 285, 286 

Conkey's Self-Locking Buckle Hobbles 86, 87, 241 



INDEX. 



291 



PAGE 

Controlling Apparatus for Ox, Vigan's 223 

Cowie's Casting and Securing Harness 139, 140 

Cozier's Operating Table 164-166 

Cross Hobbles 77 

Crush, The Australian 63, G4 

D 

Danish Casting and Securing Harness ; ;.;...;; 122-126 

Daviau's Operating Table 161 

Improved 162, 163 

Dawson-French Dog Hobbles 250 

Delahanty's Operating Table 259, 260 

Denenbourg's Improvised Rope Hobble 78 

Dental Halters 25-27 

Ellis' 27 

Fehr's 27 

Lucas' 25 

Directions for Casting and Securing Horse with Hobbles 82 

Releasing Horse from Hobbles 83 

Dog Hobbles 250-253 

Dawson-French 250 

Hobday's 251 

Improvised Cord Loop 252 

Key 253 

Dog, Holding Safe for Examination and Operation 269 

Dog Muzzles 265-268 

Adjustable 268 

Automatic 266 

Clove Hitch 265 

Hungarian 268 

Leather Box 267 

Leather Strap 265 

Protection 267 

"Safety 267 

Tape 265 

Dog Operating Tables 250-264 

Bernard's 253 

Delahanty's 259, 260 

German 257, 258 

German, All Metal 261, 262 

Hobday's 255, 256 

Improvised 263, 264 

Italian 258, 259 



292 INDEX. 

PAGE 

Dog Operating Tables — Continued. 

Livon's 256, 257 

MacQueen's 254, 255 

Metal, with Enamel Finish 255 

Stuttgart 262, 263 

White's 257 

Dog, Restraint of the 249-271 

By Holding 269 

By Holding Jaws Apart with Tape 270 

Miles' Method 270, 271 

Operating Tables 250-264 

Dollar's Method of Casting and Securing with Double Side Line. 130, 131 

Drawing Hind Leg Forward 101 

Securing Fore and Hind Legs Together 112 

Securing Hind Leg to Fore Leg on Same Side 103 

Securing Lower Hind to Upper Fore Leg 104, 105 

Double Side Line, Casting by 135, 136 

Drawback or Pulley Harness 241 



Ellis' Combination Dental and 'Surgical Halter 27 

English Cross Hobbles 93, 96, 107 

Hobbles 77 

Nose Clamp Modified 222 

Nose Clamp Modified with Metal Keeper 222 

Ewell Farm Service Hobbles 41 

Extension Grate 253, 254 

F 

Fehr's Dental Halter 26 

French Sling 70 

G 

Gags 17-19 

Loop and Rope 18 

Rope and Long Stick 19 

Rope and Short Stick IS 

Galvayne's One Man Method of Casting and Securing a Horse. 144-146 
Galvayne's One Man Method of Casting and Securing Wild and 

Vicious Horses 155-156 



INDEX. 



293 



PAGE 

Galvayne's Method of Restraining All Four Legs 46 

Straight Jacket 47 

German Apparatus for Restraining All Four Legs 39 

Metal Operating Table 261, 262 

Method of Restraining One Hind Leg 36 

Nose Clamp 222 

Operating Table for Dog 257, 258 

Operating Table for Horse ' 195-197 

Sling 68 

Gleason's Hippo-Lasso 51 

One Man Method of Casting and Securing a Horse 146-148 

War Bridle 23 

Grate — Extension for Dogs 253, 254 



H 



H. & D. Sling 66 

Halters, Restraint and Dental 25-27 

Hayes' Improvised Casting Ropes 129 

Head, Restraint of Ox 220-225 

To Post 224 

With Leavitt's Holder 225 

With Rope 225 

Hess' Knee Strap 30, 112, 227 

Method of Restraining Both Hind Legs of Ox ' 231 

Method of Restraining One Fore and One Hind Leg of Ox. 234 

Method of Restraining One Hind Leg of Ox 228, 229 

Hippo-Lasso 47-51 

Belmont Rider 50 

Galvayne's 47 

Gleason's 51 

Raabe's and Lunel's 48 

Hobbles for Dog 250-253 

Dawson-French 250 

Hobday's 251 

Improvised Loop 252 

Key 253 

Hobbles for Horse 78-108 

Barnick's Loop 84 

Becker's 81 

Berlin 88 

Conkey's Lock Buckle 86, 87 

Cross 77 

19 



294 INDEX. 

PAGE 

Hobbles for Horse — Continued. 

English 93-98 

James' 83 

Leather Loop 80 

Matthias 85 

Miles' Rope 80 

Munich 85 

Over's Spring 81 

Plaited Raw-Hide Loop 80 

Rope, Improvised 78 

Service or Anti-Kicking 39-41 

Side Bar 77 

Stuttgart 89-92 

Suykerbuyck's Rope .• 79 

Hobday's Hobbles 251 

Method of Holding Dog 269 

Operating Table 255, 256 

Hock Joint Fixing Apparatus Ill 

Twitch 31, 111, 228 

Hodgson & Magee's Operating Table 166-169 

Hog, Catching the 275-278 

By Corn and Barrel 278 

By Trap 276, 277 

By Mechanical Catcher 276 

Hog, Champion Holder for the 279 

Hog, Restraint of the 275-286 

By Conkey's Method 285, 286 

By Holding Between Knees 281, 282 

By a Practical Method 280 

By Pole or Rail Over Neck 284 

Hog Trap 277 

Hog Twitch 279 

Hood, Operating 74 

Horse, Casting with Hobbles 78-108 

With Ropes and Harness 109-156 

Directions for Casting with Hobbles 82 

Directions for Releasing Horse from Hobbles 83 

Operating Tables for the 157-215 

Special Positions when Cast 99-108 

Restraint of in Recumbent Posture 78-215 

Restraint of in Standing Posture 13-70 

Restraint of Wild and Vicious 153-156 

Hulburt's Casting and Securing Harness .120, 121 

Hungarian Dog Muzzle 268 



INDEX. 



I 



295 



PAGE 

Improvised Casting Ropes (Hayes) 129 

Cord Loop Hobbles 252 

Operating Table 263, 264 

Italian Nose Clamp 223 

Operating Table .- 258, 259 

Improved English Hobbles 93-96 



James' Cross Hobbles 77 

Patent Hobbles 83 

K 

Kansas City Veterinary College Operating Table 197, 198 

Key Hobbles 253 

Knee Straps •. 28, 31, 111-113, 227 

Author's 28, 112, 227 

Hess' 30, 112, 227 

Magner's 31, 113 

Trasbot's 29, 112. 227 

Knots Used in Restraint Technique 109, 110 

Knowles' Web Casting and Securing Harness 117-119, 245, 246 

Krolokowski's Lernberg Casting Ropes 131, 132 

Kyle Brother's Operating Table 190-194 



Leather Box Dog Muzzle 267 

Strap Dog Muzzle 267 

Loop Hobbles 80 

Leavitt's Head Holder 225 

Lernberg Casting Ropes 131, 132 

Lewis' Modification of Cowie's Casting Harness 140 

Liautard's Method of Dravi^ing Hind Leg Forward 102 

Method of Securing Hind Leg to Fore Leg on Same. Side. . 104 

Securing Off Fore to Off Hind Leg 105 

Livon's Operating Table 256, 257 

Lucas' Dental Halter 25 



296 ■ INDEX. 

M 

PAGE 

MacQueen's Operating Table 254, 255 

Magner's Knee Strap 31, I1 3 

Leather Casting Rig 148 

Rope Casting Rig 149 

One Man Method of Casting and Securing a Horse. ....... 148-151 

War Bridle 24 

War Bridle Modified 25 

Marsch's 'Sling 69 

Matthias' Hobbles with Safety Lock 85 

Modification of Danish Casting Harness 124 

McDonald's Casting Ropes 132, 133 

McKillip Veterinary College Stocks 55-59 

Merillat's Single Side Line 35 

Miles' Method of Securing the Dog 270 

Method of Securing "Ridglings" 137-139 

Rope Hobbles 80, 97-99 

Mohler's Method of Securing All Four Legs 45 

Method of Securing Near Fore Arm to Near Thigh 100 

Method of Securing Off Hind to Plank and Near Fore and 

Near Hind Legs to Bach Other 100 

Munich Hobbles 85 

Muzzles, Dog 265-268 

Adjustable 268 

Automatic 266 

Clove Hitch 265 

Hungarian 268 

Leather Box 267 

Leather Strap 265 

Protection 267 

Safety 267 

Tape 265 



N 



New York State Veterinary College Operating Table 169-185 

Stocks 61i63 

Nippers — Collar 268 

Nose Clamps 221-223 

American 221 

American, with Rope 221 

English, Modified .• 222 

English, Modified, with Metal Keeper 222 



INDEX. 



297 



Nose Clamps — Continued. 

German 222 

Italian 223 

With Spring and Keeper 222 



o 



One Man Method of Casting and Securing the Horse 141-152 

Galvayne's 144-146 

Gleason's 14G-148 

Magner's 148-151 

Rarey's 152 

Russian 141-143 

Operating Hood 74 

Operating Table for Dog 250-264 

Bernard's 253 

Delahanty's 259, 260 

German 257, 258 

German, All Metal 261, 262 

Hobday's 255, 256 

Improvised 263, 264 

Italian 258, 259 

Livon's 256, 257 

MacQueen's •. 254, 255 

Metal, Enamel Finish 255 

~ Stuttgart 262, 263 

White's 257 

Operating Tables for Horse 157-215 

Bradwood 198-215 

Chicago Veterinary College 185-188 

Conkey's 188,, 189 

Cozier's , 164-166 

Daviau's 161 

Daviau's Improved 162, 163 

German 195-197 

Hodgson and Magee's 166-169 

Kansas City Veterinary College 197, 198 

Kyle Bros 190-194 

(New York State Veterinary College 169-185 

Price's 190 

Operating Trough — Young's 253 

Over's Double Side Line Casting Ropes 133, 134 

Spring Hobbles 81 



298 INDEX. 

PAGE 

Ox— Restraint of the 219-246 

In Recumbent Posture 238-246 

By Conkey's Hobbles 241 

By Double Side Line 245 

By "Pulley Harness" 241 

By Knowles' Harness 245, 246 

By Rope Fixed to Horns 243 

• By Rope on Three Legs 243 

By Rueff' s .Method 239 

By Soffner's Method 240 

Ox— Restraint of, in Standing Posture 220-237 

All Four Legs 235-237 

All Four Legs by "Chute" 237 

All Four Legs by Stocks 236 

Head 220-225 

With Leavitt's Holder 225 

With Hold in Nose 220 

With Nose Clamps 221-223 

With Rope 225 

With Rope to Post 224 

With Vigan's Apparatus 223 

Both Fore Legs . 226, 227 

Both Fore Legs by Knee Straps 227 

Both Hind Legs 230-233 

Both Hind Legs by Hess' Method 231 

Both Hind Legs by Pole 231-233 

Both Hind Legs by Plank 233 

Both Hind Legs by Rope 230 

Both Hind Legs by Sack or Cloth 231, 232 

Both Hind Legs by Smith's Anti-Kicker 230 

One Fore and One Hind Leg 234, 235 

One Fore and One Hind Leg by Hess' Method 235 

' One Hind Leg 227-229 

One Hind Leg by Hess' Method 228, 229 

Hock Twitch 228 



Patent Hobbles — James' 83 

Peterson's Hock Joint Flexing and Fixing Apparatus Ill 

Peuch & Toussaint's Stocks 63 

Pfeiffer's Modification of Danish Casting Harness 124, 125 

Plaited Rawhide Loop Hobbles 80 



INDEX. 299 

PAGE 

Plate Longe 43, 89, 91, 95 

Practical Method of Restraining Hog 280 

Price's Operating Table 190 

Protection Dog Muzzle 267 



R 



Raabe & Lunel's Hippo-Lasso 48 

Rarey's One Man Method of Casting a Horse 152 

Recumbent Posture — Horse in 78 215 

Ox In 238-246 

Releasing a Horse from Hobbles — Directions for 83 

Restraint of "Broncho" ir,3-156 

Restraint and Dental Halters 25-27 

Restraint of Dog 249-271 

By Hobbles 250-253 

By Holding 269 

By Miles' Method 270-271 

By Muzzles 265-268 

By Operating Tables . 250-264 

Restraint of Hog 275-286 

By Conkey's Method 285, 286 

By Holding Between Knees 281, 282 

By Pole or Rail Over Neck and Shoulders 284 

By Practical Method .' . 280 

For Operation 283 

Restraint of Horse 13-215 

In Recumbent Posture 78-215 

Casting and Securing Harness and Ropes 109-256 

Cross Hobbles 77 

Hobbles 78-108 

One Man M'ethod of 141-152 

Operating Tables 157-215 

Restraint of Horse in Standing Posture 13-70 

All Four Legs by Galvayne's Method 48 

1 All Four Legs by Hippo-Lasso 47-51 

By Morgan's Method 45 

By Rope 45 

By Stocks 52-63 

By Web and Rope 42 

Both Hind Legs 38-41 

Both Hind Legs by Ewell Farm Service Hobbles 41 

Both Hind Legs by German Apparatus 39 



300 INDEX. 

PAGE 

Restraint of Horse in Standing Posture — Continued. 

By Ropes 42 

By Wocher's Service Hobbles 40 

One Fore Leg by Knee Straps 28-31 

One Hind Leg 31-38 

One Hind Leg by German Method . : 36 

One Hind Leg Merillat's Single Side Line 35 

One Hind Leg by Rope to Tail 32 

One Hind Leg by Side Line 33 

One Hind Leg by Surcingle and Rope 34 

Restraint — Knots Used in 109, 110 

Restraint of Ox 229-246 

In Recumbent Posture 238-246 

By Conkey's Hobbles 241 

With Drawback or "Pulley Harness" 241 

With Double 'Side Line 245 

With Knowles' Web Casting Harness 245, 246 

With Rope Fixed to Three Legs 243 

With Rope Fixed to Horns 243 

Reuff's Method 239 

Soffner's Method 240 

Restraint of Ox in Standing Posture 220-237 

"Cattle Chute" 237 

By Hand Held on Nose 220 

By Hess' Method 228-231 

By Hock Twitch 228 

By iNose Clamps 221-223 

By Plank 233 

By Pole 231, 233 

By Rope Tie 230 

By Sack or Cloth 231, 232 

By Smith's Anti-Kicker 230 

By Stocks 236 

Rope Method of Restraining All Four Legs 45 

Both Hind Legs 42 

One Fore Leg 29, 30 

One Hind Leg ; . . . 32-37 

Rope Hobbles, Denenbourg's 78 

Miles' 80, 97, 98, 99 

Suykerbuyck's 79 

Rohard's Method of Casting With Ropes 126-128 

Russian Method of Casting With Ropes 134, 135 

One Man Method of Casting a Horse 141-143 



INDEX. 301 

s 

PAGE 

Safety Lock Hobbles, Matthias' 85 

Self-Locking Buckle Hobbles — Conkey's 87 

Service Hobbles — Ewell Farm 41 

Wocher's 39 

Side Bar Hobbles 77 

Slings 65-70 

American 66 

French 70 

German 68 

H. & D 65 

Marsch's 69 

Smith's Anti-Kicker 230 

Soffner's Method of Casting the Ox .-. 240 

Special Positions of Horse when Cast with Hobbles 99-108 

Standing Posture — Restraint of Horse in 13-70 

Restraint of Ox in 220-237 

Stocks 52-63, 236 

Barcus' 52-55 

McKillip Veterinary College 55-59 

New York State Veterinary College 61-63 

Peuch's & Toussaint's 63 

Vinsot's 59, 60 

Wooden 59 

Stuttgart Method of Casting , . . 89-93 

Subjection of Horse by Barnacles 19, 20 

By Blindfold 21 

By Gags 17-19 

By Galvayne's "Straight Jacket" 47 

By Operating Hood 74 

By Twitch 13-17 

By War Bridle 22-25 

Subjection of Ox by Hand Hold 220 

By Nose Clamps 221-223 

By Vigan's Apparatus 223 

Surcingle and Strap 29, 30 

Suykerbuyck's Rope Hobbles 79 



Tables— Operating, for Dog 250-264 

For Horse 157-215 

Tail Knot for Restraining Hind Leg 32 



302 INDEX. 

PAGE 

Tape — Dog Muzzle 265 

Method of Holding Jaws Apart 270 

Trasbot's Knee Strap 29, 112, 227 

Trap for Hog 277 

Trough — Young's Operating 253 

Twitch— Ball and Chain K^ 

Hock 31 

Hog 279 

Iron and Chain 17 

Miles' 15, 16 

Ring 14 

Rope and Stick 14 

Rope and Stick with Metal-bound Head 16 

Rope Loop and Short Stick 17 

Triangular 14, 15 

Wooden 13 

Twitches, Gags and Barnacles 13-20 

V 

Vienna Method of Restraint in Dorsal Position 106, 107 

Vigan's Apparatus 223 

Vinsot's Stocks 59, 60 

Von Chelchowski's Method of Casting 92 

w 

War Bridles 22-25 

Web and Rope Apparatus 43 

Web— Knowles' Harness 117-119, 245, 246 

White's Operating Table 257 

Whitwell's Casting and Securing Harness 119, 120 

Wocher's Service Hobbles 40 

Wild and Vicious Horses — Restraint of 153-156 

Wooden Stocks 59 

Y 

Young's Operating Trough 253 

z 

Ziegler's Casting and Securing Harness 221, 222 






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